SiteModel2

The Vectorworks Architect and Landmark products include the ability to create a stepped wall. The Vectorworks Landmark program also contains the ability to create a retaining wall site modifier. The stepped wall and retaining wall site modifier are based on walls created with the Wall or Round Wall tool, offering the benefits and flexibility of the architectural wall tools.

Creating Stepped Walls

Command	Workspace: Path
Create Stepped Wall	• Architect: AEC • Landmark: Landmark > Architectural

Stepped walls add wall peaks to existing walls created with the Wall tool or Round Wall tool. The existing wall can be a single wall or a chain of multiple wall segments that are L-joined to each other. Stepped walls can have a constant rise at each interval, or conform to underlying terrain with a variable rise, such as free-standing landscape walls or fences.

The options available depend on the selected Step Style (even steps or terrain steps). If the parameters are set so that the steps are uneven, the top step is truncated.

Parameter	Description
Even Steps	Creates a stepped wall with a constant rise and wall peaks at even intervals
Preview	Previews the selected configuration
Total Length	Displays the total length of the stepped wall to be created
Number of Steps	Displays the total number of steps to be created
Calculator	The steps are created based on three parameters: step length, step rise, and total rise. Based on the entry of two of these parameters, the third is automatically calculated. Click to place the calculator at the parameter that should be automatically calculated, and enter the values for the other two parameters.
Step Length	Sets the length of one step
Step Rise	Sets the rise of one step
Total Rise	Specifies the total rise value
Apply Steps to	Steps can be applied to either the top or bottom of the wall, or both
Top of Wall	Steps apply to the top of the wall
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the top steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right. This allows the last step to be shorter or longer, for example.
Bottom of Wall	Steps apply to the bottom of the wall
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the bottom steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right.
Reverse Direction	Sets whether steps should be started from the beginning of the wall (option is deselected) or end of the wall (option is selected)
Terrain Steps
Total Length	Displays the total length of the stepped wall to be created
Number of Steps	Displays the total number of steps to be created
Step Length	Sets the length of one step
Vertical Offset	Specifies the offset distance from the terrain surface; an offset of zero keeps the steps at the surface, while a positive value raises them above the surface
Apply Steps to
Top of Wall	Applies steps to the top of the wall, mirroring the terrain
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the top steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right. This allows the last step to be shorter or longer, for example.
Bottom of Wall	Terrain steps are always applied to the bottom of the wall, since the steps follow the terrain
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the bottom steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right.
Place Steps Above Terrain	The steps are reversed so that they are above the terrain

The Send to Surface command can be used on walls; it sets the bottom Z value at the start of the wall to the existing terrain surface (see Sending Objects to the Site Model Surface).

Creating Retaining Walls

Command	Workspace: Path
Create Retaining Wall Site Modifier	• Architect: AEC > Terrain • Landmark: Landmark

A retaining wall site modifier can be created based on existing walls created with the Wall tool or Round Wall tool. The existing wall can be a single wall or a chain of multiple wall segments that are L-joined to each other. The retaining wall created can modify the site model, and the terrain can be sculpted around the retaining wall.

Once created, the retaining wall site modifier is not associated with the wall object used to create it.

While walls are typically used as the basis for creating a retaining wall, other valid selections include a hardscape object or an extrude object.

The Create Retaining Wall Site Modifier dialog box opens. Set the initial location of the site modifiers within the retaining wall. There are three distinct areas that can modify the site model:

• The pad at the bottom of the wall, which can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall, or simply follow the terrain

• The left and right side edges of the wall, which can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall, or follow the terrain

The left and right sides of the wall are determined by the wall direction as it was drawn.

Parameter	Description
Diagram	This wall schematic shows the location of the pad modifier at the bottom of the wall (1), the left (2) and right (3) edge modifiers, and the start (4) and end (5) edge modifiers; it also shows the wall start and end, which determines the wall direction and therefore which edge is left and right
Pad	Specifies the vertical offset and shape of the modifier pad; the modifier can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall and follow top or bottom wall peaks, or can simply follow the current terrain. The pad offset can control the cut and fill values produced by the site modifier.
Offset Below Wall Top	Sets the pad modifier to be offset below the top of the wall by the specified value
Follow Top Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the top of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Offset Above Wall Bottom	Sets the pad modifier to be offset above the bottom of the wall by the specified value
Follow Bottom Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the bottom of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Follow Terrain	The pad modifier follows the terrain location (offset and shape) along the bottom of the wall
Side Edges
Left/Right Modifier Edge	Select whether to create the edge modifier objects on the left and/or right sides of the retaining wall. Edge modifiers sculpt the terrain at the left or right of the retaining wall sides according to the parameters set. The modifier can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall and follow top or bottom wall peaks, or can simply follow the current terrain.
Offset Below Wall Top	Sets the edge modifier to be offset below the top of the wall by the specified value
Follow Top Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the top of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Offset Above Wall Bottom	Sets the edge modifier to be offset above the bottom of the wall by the specified value
Follow Bottom Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the bottom of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Follow Terrain	The edge modifier follows the terrain location (offset and shape) along the side of the wall
Start/End Edges	The start and end edge modifiers define how the terrain wraps around the retaining wall sides
Include Start Modifier Edge	Select whether to create an edge modifier object at the starting edge of the wall
Include End Modifier Edge	Select whether to create an edge modifier object at the ending edge of the wall

The original wall remains in the drawing; the retaining wall site modifier is a new, separate object.

3 Update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).

Editing Retaining Walls

Parameter	Description
Apply To	Select whether the retaining wall modifies the existing or proposed site model
Width	Determines the distance between the left and right edges of the retaining wall
Pad Offset	Specifies the offset of the pad from the Z elevation of the retaining wall site modifier object itself; the offset can control the cut and fill values produced by this site modifier
Include Left/Right/Start/End Modifier Edge	Toggles the modification of the site model by the selected modifier edge parameters
Vertex parameters	Edits the path vertices; see Editing Vertex-Based Objects
Move	Select the portion of the retaining wall modifier to edit, and then edit its Elevation, or scroll through its vertices with the left and right arrows and change the selected vertex Elevation
Edit	For vertex selections made in Move, scrolls through the vertices, highlighting the currently selected vertex. Click the center button to highlight the selected vertex.
Elevation	Sets the elevation of the modifier item selected in Move or the vertex selected in Edit

The retaining wall site modifier consists of four modifier edges, joined by common vertices. The left and right edges of the retaining wall site modifier can be reshaped with the Reshape tool, similar to reshaping walls (see Reshaping Walls). Move vertices, and add or delete vertices to reshape the retaining wall.

The start and end edges cannot be directly edited with the Reshape tool. However, a vertex added to the left or right edge can be edited by the Reshape tool (select Start/End Modifier Edge from the Move list in the Object Info palette, and click Add Vertex). Adding vertices to the start and end edges allows them to be reshaped.

The Send to Surface command can be used to send either the retaining wall modifier edge or the pad to the surface of the site model.

Creating Hardscape Objects

Mode	Tool	Tool set
Modes for the Polyline Tool	Hardscape	Site Planning

A hardscape object consists of paved areas with joint patterns and optional borders. A boundary hardscape or pathway hardscape can be created. To draw a hardscape object, either use the Hardscape tool, or create a polyline and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command (see Creating Objects from Shapes). The hardscape object can modify the site model.

Mode	Description
Hardscape	Opens the Resource Selector to select a resource for placement; double-click a resource to activate it
Boundary Configuration	Creates a hardscape with a boundary configuration, defining an area with an optional border
Pathway Configuration	Creates a hardscape along a path
Pathway Edge options	For the pathway configuration, sets where to create the pathway in relation to the drawn polyline
Polyline creation options	Selects the method for drawing the polyline upon which the hardscape object is based; see Creating Polylines
Preferences	Sets the default preferences for the hardscape object

• To use an existing hardscape from the resource libraries, click Hardscape on the Tool bar. From the Resource Selector, double-click a resource to activate it.

• To create a custom hardscape, click Preferences. From the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box, set the default properties. The properties can be edited from the Object Info palette.

Parameter	Description
Definition
Name	Enter a name for the hardscape object, which displays as the ID in the ID tag
Tag Display	Select whether to display the hardscape tag to the right or left of the leader line, without a leader line (floating), or not at all
Tag Style	Select the ID tag display style. • Select Name Only to display the name of the hardscape object only (as defined in the Name field) • Select Name-Area to display the hardscape object name, area and, if applicable, the area of the border • Select Name-Area-Perim to display the hardscape object name, perimeter length and, if applicable, the area of the border.
Tag Class	To control appearance and visibility, select a class from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class. Select <Hardscape Class> to place the tag in the same class as the hardscape object.
Slope Arrow Class	To control appearance and visibility, select a class from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class. Select <Hardscape Class> to place the tag in the same class as the hardscape object.
Display Tag Line Marker	Displays a marker at the end of the leader line; specify the marker style by editing the hardscape tag class (see Setting Class Properties)
Snap Tag to Hardscape Edge	Select this option to automatically align the endpoint of the tag with the edge or corner of the hardscape that is nearest to the shoulder point of the tag
Joint Pattern	Select the main hardscape joint pattern; see Specifying Hardscape Joint Patterns
Main Area Class	To control appearance and visibility, select a class for the joint pattern from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class
Configuration	Sets the boundary and pathway parameters for the hardscape object
Boundary/Pathway	Boundary defines the hardscape object with a user-defined polyline as the outer edge of the hardscape object (for example, to define regular or irregular patio areas), while Pathway defines the hardscape object with a user-defined polyline as an alignment for a linear path
Width	Width of the pathway hardscape object
Offset	Sets the offset of the pathway centerline from the placement line
Draw Border	Select to include a border pattern along the edges of the hardscape object
Width	Enter the width of the border
Joint Pattern	Select the border joint pattern. For more information, see Specifying a Hatch, Stipple, or Tile Joint Pattern and Specifying a Spaced Joint Pattern.
Background Color	Click the color box to select the desired border color
Border Class	To control appearance and visibility, select a class for the border joint pattern from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class
Pathway Borders	Select the border configuration for pathway hardscape objects with borders
Draw 3D	Specify 3D hardscape object parameters. The hardscape object can modify an existing site model. See Site Model Modification Overview.
3D Type	Select the 3D hardscape format. • None displays a schematic view of the hardscape in 3D views. • Slab creates a slab object for the main hardscape and another slab for the border if one is specified. • Pad Modifier (Top/Bottom of Slab) uses a slab as a site model pad modifier. Select this type if the hardscape covers a flat part of the site; see Creating a Pad or Pad with Retaining Edge. • Texture Bed Modifier uses the hardscape as a site model texture bed modifier. Select this type to change the texture on part of the site; see Creating a Texture Bed. • Slab Drainage creates a slab for the main hardscape to support a drainage system; see Creating Slab Drainage Systems. If a border is specified, another slab is created, but drainage elements do not apply to it. When Slab Drainage is selected, the entire hardscape cannot be set to slope. However, the Slab Drainage tool can modify the main hardscape, adding slopes and ridges to the main slab geometry.
Thickness	For a slab 3D Type, enter the main slab thickness
Border Thickness	For a slab 3D Type, enter the border slab thickness
Main Texture	Select the texture resource for the hardscape object or assign it by class; the displayed textures are from a library or the current file. The texture origin and rotation are automatically set to match the 2D fill origin and rotation for the main texture area.
Border Texture	Select the texture resource for the border object or assign it by class; the displayed textures are from a library or the current file. The texture origin and rotation are automatically set to match the 2D fill origin and rotation for the border.

The Stipple joint patterns are a processor-intensive action for large hardscape objects and can significantly increase regeneration time.

When drawing a hardscape object with a curved boundary, speed the regeneration time by setting the 2D conversion resolution in Vectorworks preferences to low (see Aba Edição).

3 Click the appropriate mode in the Tool bar to specify the creation method of the hardscape object. Select whether to create a boundary or pathway hardscape object.

5 Click to set the end of the segment and the beginning of the next. Continue drawing segments in this manner until the hardscape object is complete. Return to the start point (for boundary configurations), or simply double-click (for either pathway or boundary configurations) to finish creating the hardscape object.

6 When classing the subcomponents of the hardscape object, such as the joints or tags, the class visibility of the specified class controls the visibility of the corresponding subcomponent. The class attributes are only applied to the corresponding subcomponent when the Use at Creation option is selected for the class. For example, if the Joint Class is set to the Site-Hardscape Comp-Main Joint class, and that class specifies a hatch Fill Style, edit the class and select the Use at Creation option to apply the fill attribute.

7 If the hardscape 3D Type is set to Pad Modifier or Texture Bed Modifier, update the site model to apply the modification. Select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette.

8 If the hardscape is set to slope, specify the slope properties in the Object Info palette, and/or adjust slope indicator control points and reshape the corners in a 3D view (see Editing the Hardscape Object Settings).

To edit the hardscape object path in object editing mode, select the hardscape and select Modify > Edit Hardscape.

Concept: Hardscape Fills and Joint Patterns

A single hardscape object can have multiple components, each with its own fill or joint pattern.

The hardscape can be filled with a solid color, pattern, hatch, tile, gradient, or image from the Attributes palette. See Fill Attributes for details.

For the main and border hardscape areas, different joint patterns are available.

• Main joint patterns include flagstones and pavers, as well as hatches, stipples, and tiles that are applied independent of the Attributes palette.

• Border joint patterns include spaced joints and the same hatch, stipple, and tile options available for main joint patterns.

If a main joint pattern is specified, it is drawn over the hardscape object fill. Both the object fill and the main joint pattern apply to the entire hardscape, unless it has a border.

Specifying Hardscape Joint Patterns

The Vectorworks Landmark program offers a variety of joint pattern options from the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box (see Creating Hardscape Objects). Available options depend on which component of the hardscape is selected.

Specifying a Hatch, Stipple, or Tile Joint Pattern

Hatch, stipple, and tile joint patterns are available for both the main and border hardscape areas.

1 To specify a hatch, stipple, or tile joint pattern, select the resource type from the Joint Pattern list.

2 Click Pick a Resource to open the Resource Selector; double-click a resource to activate it.

Specifying a Flagstone or Pavers Joint Pattern

If Flagstone, Pavers-Grid, or Pavers-Running is selected for the main joint pattern, the Set Joint Pattern Options dialog box opens. Set the parameters.

Parameter	Description
Pattern Size X	Specify the pattern size in the X direction
Link button	Click to link Pattern Size X/Y to create a symmetrical pattern, or deselect to create an asymmetrical pattern
Pattern Size Y	If the Link button is not selected, specify the pattern size in the Y direction
Pattern Angle	Specify the pattern angle

Specifying a Radial Joint Pattern

If Pavers-Radial is selected for the main joint pattern (Boundary Configuration required), the Set Radial Pattern Options dialog box opens. Set the parameters.

Radial pavers can be used with any shape hardscape that has a Boundary Configuration. The hardscape boundary clips the circular pattern to fit.

Parameter	Description
Course Spacing	Specify the distance between concentric curves in the radial pattern; the distance between courses essentially defines the length of the pavers
Center Stone Diameter	Specify the diameter of the center stone
Next Course Joint Offset	Specify how to determine the offset between subsequent radial courses. • Width specifies the arc width offset between joints. The offset is increased by one joint offset width for each course. • Angle specifies the joint offset as an angle measured in degrees from the right horizontal. The offset is increased by the offset angle for each course. • Shift (%) specifies the joint offset as a percentage of the outside paver width of the previous radial course.
Paver Width	Specify how to determine the width of each paver. • Outside Paver Width specifies the width of each paver along the outside of each course. • Inside Paver Width specifies the width of each paver along the inside of each course. • Paver Count creates a specified number of pavers on each radial course.

Specifying a Curved Path Joint Pattern

If Pavers-Curved Path is selected for the main joint pattern (Pathway Configuration required), the Set Curved Path Pattern Options dialog box opens. Set the parameters.

Parameter	Description
Paver Width Across Path	Specify the width of the pavers (measured in the direction perpendicular to the path)
Paver Length Along Path	Specify the length of the pavers (measured along the direction of the path)
Randomize (%)	Deselect to make every paver the length specified. Select and specify a percentage to vary the length of the pavers. Individual pavers are given a random length no greater than the length specified and no less than the specified percentage of the maximum length. For instance, if Paver Length Along Path is 4’ and Randomize (%) is selected with a percent of 50, each paver is given a random length between 2’ and 4’.
Next Course Joint Offset	Specify how to determine the offset between subsequent courses. • Width specifies the offset distance between joints. The offset is increased by one joint offset width for each course. • Shift (%) specifies the joint offset as a percentage of the maximum paver length specified in Paver Length Along Path. This control specifies the start position; depending on the curves in the path and the Randomize (%) setting, the offset may not remain consistent along the length of the path.

Specifying a Spaced Joint Pattern

If Spaced Joints is selected for the border joint pattern, the Enter Value dialog box opens. Enter the desired joint spacing value.

Editing Hardscape Fills and Joint Patterns

Editing Hardscape Fills and Joint Patterns with the Attribute Mapping Tool

Tool	Tool set
Attribute Mapping	• Basic • Visualization

The Attribute Mapping tool maps tile, associative hatch, gradient, and image fills, as well as hardscape joint patterns.

1 In Top/Plan view, select a hardscape object with a specified fill or joint pattern.

3 From the Selected Component list on the Tool bar, select which hardscape component to edit: the Object Fill, Main Joint Pattern, or Border Joint Pattern.

4 An editing object is placed over the selected component. The origin of the component fill or joint pattern is at the corner of the editing object where the red and green lines meet.

5 Use the editing object to move, scale, and rotate the selected fill or joint pattern. The fill or joint pattern can also be nudged. For more information on using the Attribute Mapping tool, see Mapping Fills with the Attribute Mapping Tool.

Alternatively, you can move a joint pattern by moving the control point at the joint pattern origin, as described in the next section.

If Spaced Joints is specified for the border joint pattern, the Attribute Mapping tool can be used to move and scale the pattern; spaced joints cannot be rotated.

Moving Hardscape Joint Patterns with the Selection Tool

While the Attribute Mapping tool is the recommended method of editing joint patterns, the joint pattern origin can also be moved with the Selection tool. The joint pattern origin has a control point marked with a locus for identification: a red locus for the main joint pattern, and a green locus for the border joint pattern.

If Spaced Joints is specified for the border joint pattern, no locus or control point display.

In Top/Plan view, select the control point at the joint pattern origin and drag it to the desired location.

Joining and Coordinating Hardscape Objects

Individual hardscape objects can be joined to create more complex hardscapes whose fills and joint patterns align.

When joining boundary hardscapes with similar fill types, use the Add Surface command; see Adicionar Superfície.

To coordinate the joint patterns of several hardscape objects, configure the hardscape objects with the same settings and drag the origin points of their main joint patterns (marked with red loci) to a common location.

Editing the Hardscape Object Settings

The parameters can be edited for selected hardscape objects through the Hardscape Settings button on the Shape tab of the Object Info palette. To modify the default hardscape object settings, click Preferences on the Tool bar.

Many of the parameters are identical to those used to create the hardscape object (see Creating Hardscape Objects). However, certain parameters are accessible from the Object Info palette only.

If the hardscape is set to slope, specify the slope properties in the Object Info palette and/or by adjusting slope indicator control points and reshaping the hardscape corners in a 3D view.

• Select the method of defining the slope from the Slope Def list in the Object Info palette, and specify the slope parameters. The slope parameters do not display for a Slope Def of None. As values are entered in the Object Info palette, the other parameters are automatically calculated and displayed.

• A banked slope can be contoured. The reference elevation control point indicates the start elevation of the hardscape, and the dashed line that passes through the reference elevation control point represents a constant elevation along the line. The dashed line indicates and controls the Contour Angle in the Object Info palette; it is only visible when the hardscape is selected with the Selection tool, and it does not print. All the points on the line are at the same elevation; move the contour angle control points to define how the hardscape is banked along the hardscape slope. The contour angle must always be between 1 and 90 degrees of the slope vector (the banked contour cannot be parallel or perpendicular to the hardscape slope).

• In addition to the hardscape slope, up to two custom slope axes can be specified: Slope A and Slope B. Slope arrows can be displayed on the hardscape to indicate the slope angles of the main slope and the two custom axes; select Show Slope, Show Slope A, and/or Show Slope B. The slope arrows are interactive; move a control point to adjust the slope direction, and the slope at that location is displayed. The control points of the slope arrows are only visible when the hardscape is selected with the Selection tool, and they do not print.

• The Object Info palette displays the Elevation at End so that hardscapes that meet at the bottom of a slope can be set to the same ending elevation. The planes for two hardscapes match when their contour lines are parallel, and the starting point of one hardscape is on the plane of the other hardscape.

• In Top/Plan view, select the control points of the slope arrows or the contour angle indicator, to interactively display the slope at that location. Changes to the slope values in the Object Info palette affect all the slope parameters. To set the slope plane, change the slope and the contour angle, or change slope A and slope B.

• In Top/Plan view, the Reshape tool changes the shape of the hardscape. If the hardscape is set to slope, use the Reshape tool in a 3D view to adjust the elevation at the corners of the hardscape.

Parameter	Description
Shape Tab
Hardscape Settings	Click to edit the selected hardscape object. If more than one hardscape object is selected for editing, the Hardscape Settings button is grayed; select a single hardscape object to access the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box for editing parameters.
Save Hardscape	Click to save the selected hardscape object as a symbol; for more information, see Saving the Hardscape Object Settings. If more than one hardscape object is selected for editing, the Save Hardscape button is grayed; select a single hardscape object to save it as a symbol.
General
Hardscape Name	Specifies the name assigned to the hardscape object
Draw Border	Includes a border pattern along the edges of the hardscape object
Border Width	Enter the width of the border
Path Width	Enter the width of the pathway hardscape object
Path Offset	Sets the offset of the pathway centerline from the placement line
Joint Pattern Size X/Y	Specifies the size of the joint pattern units, for flagstone, pavers-grid, and pavers-running joint patterns
Joint Pattern Angle	Specifies the rotation angle of the joint pattern
Border Pattern Size	Sets the width of the spaced joints, when spaced joints are selected for the border
Border Pattern Angle	Enter the angle of the pattern inside the border
Main Unit Price	Sets the price per square unit for the main hardscape material, for use in worksheets
Main Price Code	Specifies the main hardscape price code
Border Unit Price	Sets the price per square unit for the border material, for use in worksheets
Border Price Code	Specifies the hardscape border price code
Tag
Tag Display	Select whether to display the hardscape tag to the right or left of the leader line, without a leader line (floating), or not at all
Tag Config	Select the ID tag display configuration. • Select Name Only to display the name of the hardscape object only (as defined in the Name field) • Select Name-Area to display the hardscape object name, area and, if applicable, the area of the border • Select Name-Area-Perim to display the hardscape object name, perimeter length and, if applicable, the area of the border.
Tag Class	To control appearance and visibility, select a class from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class. Select <Hardscape Class> to place the tag in the same class as the hardscape object.
Tag Approach Angle	Specifies the angle of the leader line, from 0 to 360°
Tag Shoulder Angle	When a tag shoulder line is enabled, sets the angle of the shoulder line, from 0 to 360°
Tag Text Alignment	Select whether the tag text is aligned on top of a continuation of the leader line, or centered vertically at the end of the leader line
Snap Tag to Hardscape Edge	Select this option to automatically align the endpoint of the tag with the edge or corner of the hardscape that is nearest to the shoulder point of the tag
Display Tag Line Marker	Displays a marker at the end of the leader line; specify the marker style by editing the hardscape tag class (see Setting Class Properties)
Draw 3D
3D Type	Select the 3D hardscape format. • None displays a schematic view of the hardscape in 3D views. • Slab creates a slab object for the main hardscape and another slab for the border if one is specified. • Pad Modifier (Top/Bottom of Slab) uses a slab as a site model pad modifier. Select this type if the hardscape covers a flat part of the site; see Creating a Pad or Pad with Retaining Edge. • Texture Bed Modifier uses the hardscape as a site model texture bed modifier. Select this type to change the texture on part of the site; see Creating a Texture Bed. • Slab Drainage creates a slab for the main hardscape to support a drainage system; see Creating Slab Drainage Systems. If a border is specified, another slab is created, but drainage elements do not apply to it. When Slab Drainage is selected, the entire hardscape cannot be set to slope. However, the Slab Drainage tool can modify the main hardscape, adding slopes and ridges to the main slab geometry.
Thickness	For a slab 3D Type, enter the main slab thickness
Border Thickness	For a slab 3D Type, enter the border slab thickness
Elevation	Sets the elevation of the hardscape at its reference elevation control point
Slope Def	Select the method of defining the slope, or select None for a flat pad. After selecting the method, specify the Slope, the Elevation at End of the slope, or the Contour Angle, and the other values are automatically calculated and displayed.
Slope	Determines the slope of the hardscape according to the selected slope definition method; enter the angle, percentage, or rise:run ratio
Elevation at End	Determines the slope by specifying the elevation of the hardscape at the end of the slope; enter the elevation
Contour Angle	Defines how the hardscape is banked along the slope vector
Main Slab Style	Displays the style of the main area slab. The slab style can be replaced (see Replacing Slab Styles from the Object Info Palette), edited (see Editing Slab Styles), or converted to an unstyled slab with custom components.
Main Slab Components	For an unstyled main area slab, opens the Slab Components dialog box to specify the components; see Defining Components for Existing Slabs
Border Slab Style	Displays the style of the border slab. The slab style can be replaced (see Replacing Slab Styles from the Object Info Palette), edited (see Editing Slab Styles), or converted to an unstyled slab with custom components.
Border Slab Components	For an unstyled border slab, opens the Slab Components dialog box to specify the components; see Defining Components for Existing Slabs
Show Slope	Displays a modifiable slope arrow and the current slope in Top/Plan view; Show Slope only displays if the slope is a value other than zero. The slope displays interactively by moving one of the control points.
Show Slope A	Displays the slope A arrow and slope parameter. The slope displays interactively by moving one of the control points.
Show Slope B	Displays the slope B arrow and slope parameter. The slope displays interactively by moving one of the control points.
Constrain Slope A/B Downward	Forces the A and/or B slope to fall towards a lower elevation
Information
Main Area	Displays the size of the main area
Border Area	Displays the size of the border area
Footprint Area	Displays the area of the entire footprint of the hardscape
Main Perimeter	Displays the perimeter measurement of the main area polyline
Border Perimeter	Displays the perimeter of the border only
Footprint Perimeter	Displays the perimeter measurement of the entire footprint polyline
Update Calculations	Updates the area and volume calculations displayed in the Object Info palette for the area of the site model located under the site modifier (grade limits must exist around the pad)
Site model area and volume data	Displays the area and volume information for the site model area located under the site modifier; select the units for the area and volume (grade limits must exist around the pad). For more information, see Site Model Properties.
Vertex parameters	Edits the vertices of the path object that the hardscape is based upon; see Editing Vertex-Based Objects
Render Tab
Texture	If a 3D Type is selected in the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box, the Texture drop-down list is enabled for the main area texture (border textures must be set in the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box)

To set individual border segments to invisible for boundary hardscapes or cut-out holes, select the hardscape object, and then click the Reshape tool. Click Hide or Show Edges mode. Click the midpoint of the hardscape border segments or the cut-out hole to hide. Repeat this process to set the border segments back to visible, if necessary.

To quickly determine the left and right side of a pathway hardscape object, select the hardscape object and click the middle button next to the Vertex field on the Shape tab of the Object Info palette; while the button is clicked, the first vertex of the hardscape object is highlighted with a red box.

When classing the subcomponents of the hardscape object, such as for the joints or tags, the class visibility of the specified class controls the visibility of the corresponding subcomponent. The class attributes are only applied to the corresponding subcomponent when the Use at Creation option is selected for the class. For example, if the Joint Class is set to the Hardscape - Component - Main Joint class, and that class specifies a hatch Fill Style, edit the class and select the Use at Creation option to apply the fill attribute. See Setting Class Attributes.

A hardscape object can be used as the basis of a retaining wall. This provides the ability to sculpt the site model around the hardscape. See Creating Retaining Walls.

Reshaping the Hardscape Object

Double-click the hardscape object to activate the Reshape tool, or select the Reshape tool from the Basic palette. Select the object handles to reshape the hardscape object. For more information, see Remodelando Objetos.

Converting the Hardscape Object to a Boundary or Pathway Configuration

After creation, a boundary hardscape object can be converted to a pathway hardscape object, and similarly, a pathway configuration can be converted to a boundary configuration. The conversion preserves the appearance, but the path of the object changes.

2 Right-click on the hardscape object and select Convert to Pathway from the context menu.

2 Right-click on the hardscape object and select Convert to Boundary from the context menu.

Alternatively, click Hardscape Settings from the Object Info palette of a selected hardscape object, and select the configuration.

Hardscape Tag Appearance

• When hardscape tags are required, their default appearance is normally specified in the hardscape object settings.

• Individual hardscape tags can then be changed for selected hardscape objects by adjusting the hardscape tag parameters from the Object Info palette.

• The hardscape tag class controls the appearance of the leader/shoulder lines, as well as the marker style.

• If an individual tag needs to be repositioned, hardscape tags also have two control points for adjusting the shoulder length, tag shoulder angle, and tag location; or the shoulder location, leader line length, and tag approach angle.

Saving the Hardscape Object Settings

Once the hardscape object is set to the desired appearance, you can save the settings for future use or for import into other files.

The hardscape settings are saved as a resource in the “Hardscapes” symbol folder in the active file. Boundary and pathway hardscape objects are assigned unique thumbnail view icons for easy identification. See Resource Manager.

• To draw a hardscape with the Hardscape tool, click Hardscape on the Tool bar. From the Resource Selector, double-click a resource to activate it.

• To apply saved settings to an existing hardscape, from the Resource Manager, right-click on the resource, and select Apply from the context menu. Alternatively, double-click on the resource or drag the resource onto an object to apply it.

Showing and Hiding Site Modifiers

In the Vectorworks Landmark product, site modifiers such as pads, grade limits, and portions of roads and retaining walls can be made hidden or visible. The modifications to the proposed site model are still visible even when the modifier is hidden.

Command	Path
Show or Hide Site Modifiers	View > Show

2 If site modifiers were hidden, they are displayed; if they were visible, they become hidden.

Correcting Site Modifier Conflicts

If site modifier conflicts are detected when the site model is updated, an icon displays at the location of each issue.

If these conflicts exist, the site model can still be generated and modified; however, results may not be as expected. It may be better to resolve the conflicts and update the site model again before proceeding.

When the site model object is selected, the Object Info palette’s Modifier Conflict Count field displays the number of conflicts, and an icon displays at the location of each conflict. Hold the cursor over an icon to display a SmartCursor cue that describes the conflict. Resolve the conflicts by making adjustments to prevent all intersecting modifiers.

To hide the icons from view (but not resolve the underlying conflicts), deselect Show Modifier Conflicts from the Object Info palette.

Creating Property Lines

Use the Property Line tool to draw property lines. Alternatively, use one of the following methods.

• Draw arcs and lines, select Modify > Compose to create a single polyline, and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command.

Property Line Tool

The Property Line tool interactively creates property boundaries from survey data. The resulting polyline is composed of line and/or arc segments. The closing segment can be automatically drawn and measured; each segment can be individually labeled with distance and bearing. Preformatted schedules provide information about property line segments and curves.

Mode	Description
Bearing and Distance	Draws a property line by sequentially specifying the bearing and distance of each linear or curved segment of the line
Polyline	Draws a property line using the selected polyline creation options and the current preference settings (see Property Line Parameters)
Polyline creation options	For Polyline mode, selects the method for drawing the polyline upon which the object is based; see Creating Polylines
Preferences	Opens the object properties dialog box to set the default preferences for property lines

Creating Property Lines with Bearing and Distance Data

A red bull’s-eye is placed on the drawing to mark the starting point; the Define Property Line dialog box opens.

Mode	Tool	Tool set
Bearing and Distance	Property Line	Site Planning

3 Specify the segment parameters and click Add to update the drawing file. Continue to add or remove segments as needed.

Alternatively, for simpler, linear-only entry, click Preferences. From the object properties dialog box, click Simple Dialog on Bearing and Distance Mode. Now when you click to place the starting point, the Create Property Line dialog box opens. Enter the Azimuth and Distance for each segment, and select whether to close the shape automatically with the final selection.

Parameter	Description
Line	Select if the current segment is a line
Azimuth	Enter the azimuth or bearing of the line segment; if entering a bearing, a variety of formats are supported. Use spaces (N 10 30 0 E), degrees—d for degrees, m for minutes, and s for seconds (N10d0m0s E), or decimal degrees (N 10.5d 0m 0s E).
Distance	Enter the distance of the line segment
Curve	Select if the current segment is a curve
Start Tangent to Previous	Forces the back tangent to be collinear with the previous segment
Back Tangent	Enter the azimuth of the back tangent of this curve; a variety of formats are supported. Use spaces (10 30 0), degrees—d for degrees, m for minutes, and s for seconds (10d0m0s), or decimal degrees (10.5d 0m 0s).
Radius	Enter the radius of the curve segment
Arc Dist	Select to use the distance along the arc
Chord Dist	Select to use the distance between the point of tangency and the point of curvature
Tangent Dist	Select to use the distance from the end point of the last segment to the point of the intersection of the curve
Delta Angle	Select to use the central angle of the curve as measured from the center of the arc
Chord Bear.	Select to use the bearing of the arc chord
Forward Tangent	Displays the forward tangent value
Counter-Clockwise	Select to draw the curve Counter-Clockwise
Remove	Click to remove the selected segment from the property line
Update	Click to update the parameters for the current segment
Add	Click to add a segment to the property line
< Previous / Next >	Click to move backward and forward through the segments
Automatically create closing segment	Select to automatically create the final segment between the last point and the first

If this is the first time the Property Line tool has been used, the object properties dialog box opens. Set the defaults (see Property Line Parameters).

Drawing Property Lines Manually

Mode	Tool	Tool set
Modes for the Polyline Tool	Property Line	Site Planning

3 Click to set the end of the segment and the beginning of the next. Continue drawing segments in this manner until the property line is complete. Return to the start point or simply double-click to finish creating the property line.

If you use non-arc vertices, the curve segments are approximated into arc segments.

If this is the first time the Property Line tool has been used, the object properties dialog box opens. Set the defaults (see Property Line Parameters).

Property Line Parameters

Property line preferences can be set before the property line object is inserted in the drawing in the object properties dialog box; access it by clicking the Property Line tool and then clicking the Preferences button from the Tool bar. These preferences serve as the new default for property lines inserted in the drawing until the preferences are changed.

Parameters can be edited for selected property line objects after placement, in the Object Info palette.

Edit the shape of selected property lines by using the Reshape tool, or by clicking the Edit with Dialog button from the Object Info palette. See Remodelando Objetos for information on using the Reshape tool for editing.

Parameter	Description
Rotation	Specifies the number of degrees to rotate the object (0.00 is horizontal)
Name	Enter a property line name
Number	Enter a property line number
Simple Dialog on Bearing and Distance Mode (object properties dialog box only)	For Bearing and Distance mode, select to display the Create Property Line dialog box for simpler, linear-only property line data entry rather than the more comprehensive Define Property Line dialog box
Tag	If the tag is positioned outside the property line perimeter, a leader line displays
Show Name	Select to display the property line name
Show Number	Select to display the property line number
Show Area	Select to display the area of the property line
Name/Number/Area Text Style	Select a text style from a library or the current file. To use the style defined for the object’s class, select <Class Text Style>. To format the text using options on the Text menu, select <Un-Styled>. See Usando Estilos de Texto and Formatando Textos.
Fill Behind Text	Select to display a fill behind text
Text Rotation	Specifies the text rotation degrees
Area Units	Select the units in which to display the property line measurements; if Document Units is selected, the display follows the document’s display and dimensions settings
Decimals	Indicates the number of decimal places to display for the property line area
Show Unit	Displays the area units on the property line tags
Segments	The segment label settings are global, and turn on/off the display of all segment labels of each kind (distance, angle, and curve) as a group. Hide or show individual segment labels with the Hide or Show drop-down context menu commands. Move individual segment labels using control points.
Edit with Dialog (Object Info palette only)	Click to display the Define Property Line dialog box for editing the property line; see Creating Property Lines with Bearing and Distance Data for information on parameters
Annotate Segments	Select to allow annotation of each segment of the property line; if this is deselected, the distance, angle and corner segment labels do not display, regardless of the individual reporting settings
Reverse Direction	Select to reverse the direction of the reported bearing information
Corner Indicator	Select the shape to draw at the corners of the property line
Corner Indicator Size	Specify the size of the corner indicator, in document units
Report Distance	If Annotate Segments is selected, specify whether and where to display the segment distance labels
Report Angle	If Annotate Segments is selected, specify whether and where to display the angle labels; if displayed at the corner, the text is rotated at the bisector angle
Angle Format	Select whether the annotations display in Azimuth or Bearing angle format
Report Curve	If Annotate Segments is selected, select whether and in what format to display the curvature information labels. If displayed on the segment, the information displayed is arc length (A) and radius (R); if displayed in a table on the drawing, the information includes location, delta, chord, tangent, length, and radius.
Text Style	Select a text style from a library or the current file. To use the style defined for the object’s class, select <Class Text Style>. To format the text using options on the Text menu, select <Un-Styled>. See Usando Estilos de Texto and Formatando Textos.
Fill Behind Text	Select to display a fill behind text
Segment Units	Select the units in which to display the segment measurements; if Document Units is selected, the display follows the document’s display and dimensions settings
Decimals	If Document Units is not selected, indicates the number of decimal places to display for the segment labels
Show Unit	If Document Units is not selected, displays the units on the segment labels
Site Model
Site Modifier	Select whether the property line is a site modifier and of what kind (see Creating Grade Limits and Creating a Texture Bed)
Texture Bed Class	If Texture Bed is selected, specify the texture bed class
Info
Surface Perim	Displays the perimeter of the property line on the underlying site model; if there is no site model under the property line, the perimeter is calculated for a flat surface
Surface Area	Displays the area of the site model under the property line; if there is no site model under the property line, the area is calculated for a flat surface
Vertex parameters (Object Info palette only)	Edits the property line path vertices; see Editing Vertex-Based Objects

If the property line is designated to be a texture bed on the site model, select Tools > Organization. On the Classes tab, select the class designated as the texture bed class, and assign it a distinctive fill color or a texture. Select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette; the property line displays as a texture bed on the site model. Switch to a 3D view and render for the full effect.

Creating Railings and Fences

Mode	Tool	Workspace: Tool set
Modes for the Polyline Tool	Railing/Fence	• Landmark: Site Planning or Furn/Fixtures • Architect: Furn/Fixtures

Use the Railing/Fence tool to create a railing or fence along a specified path using standard polyline creation modes. You can also use this tool to create railings and fences along a single, straight 3D line at any angle.

Alternatively, create a polyline and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command (see Creating Objects from Shapes).

Mode	Description
Polyline	Draws a railing or fence along a path using the selected polyline creation options and the current preference settings; the object will be placed on the layer plane
3D Line	Draws a railing or fence along a line at any angle; snap the line to a site model object to follow the contours of hilly areas, for example
Polyline creation options	When Polyline mode is selected, selects the method for drawing the polyline upon which the railing or fence is based; see Creating Polylines
Preferences	Opens the Railing/Fence Settings dialog box, to set default parameters
Symbol Selection list	Select a symbol from the list to use for the fence or railing object when it is created; or select Current Settings to use the settings in the Railing/Fence Settings dialog box

• To draw the object along a polyline path, click Polyline, and then click the polyline option to use.

• To draw the object along a single, straight 3D line at any angle, click 3D Line.

• To use an existing fence symbol, select it from the Symbol Selection list on the Tool bar.

• To create a custom fence symbol, click Preferences. The Railing/Fence Settings dialog box opens. Set the default properties for this session.

4 In 3D Line mode, click to set the start point, and click again to set the end point of the object.

In Polyline mode, click to set the start point; each subsequent click ends the current segment and begins the next. To complete the object, click the start point again (for a closed object), or double-click (for an open object).

Editing a Railing or Fence Object

To edit the parameters for an existing railing or fence, select the object and click Settings from the Object Info palette. Alternatively, right-click the object and select Properties from the context menu.

You can reshape a railing or fence that was drawn in Polyline mode. In Top/Plan view, double-click the object to activate the Reshape tool, or click the Reshape tool from the Basic palette. Drag the object handles to reshape the object, or add or delete vertices as described in Remodelando Objetos.

Railing and Fence Settings

The settings are grouped into several panes of related parameters. Select each group of parameters from the list in the left pane of the dialog box; the parameters display in the center pane. The right pane of the dialog box always displays a preview of the object based on the current settings.

Railing/Fence Settings

Parameter	Description
View	Select a view from the list of standard views, and either a two or four meter representation of the object
Render Mode	Select a render mode for the preview from the list of available modes

Railing/Fence Settings: General Pane

Parameter	Description
Symbol Selection	Select a symbol to use for the railing or fence: • Select Current Settings, and then select either Fence or Railings to display a list of symbols from the default resource libraries. The Custom Defaults option is also available if you have saved your own symbols to a library file. • If available, select Current document to display a list of fence or railing symbols that have been saved with this document.
Save as Symbol	Opens the Save Railing/Fence dialog box to save the current configuration for future use; see Saving a Railing or Fence as a Symbol
Component	Select whether to create a 2D or 2D/3D hybrid object
Class	To control appearance and visibility of the object, select a class from the list of classes present in the drawing, or create a new class

If you select a different symbol after making parameter changes on any tab, the New Railing dialog box opens. Each railing or fence symbol has default settings. If you switch to a new symbol, you can either use the default settings, or transfer the current settings to the new object. From the dialog box, select specific settings to transfer, or click All or None to select or deselect all the settings.

Railing/Fence Settings: Top Rail Pane

Parameter	Description
Top Rail	Select to add a top rail to the object
Profile	Select a profile shape for the top rail, and specify the dimensions, if necessary. • Round: Enter the Diameter • Rectangular: Enter the Width and Height • Octagon: Enter the Diameter • Custom Profile: Select a profile from the list of available shapes You can create a 2D symbol to use as a custom profile. Save the profile in the current document, or in a file in your user folder: [User]\Libraries\Defaults\Railing Fence\Profile Top Rail.
Height	Select Calculated Height to have the rail height automatically calculated from the post height. Select Custom Height to enter a specific height.
Top Rail ends at post	When selected, the top rail ends at the first and last post; when deselected, the rail length matches the length of the object’s path
Extensions for Inclined Top Rail	For railings or fences drawn with 3D Line mode, enter lengths for the extensions of the top rail beyond the start and end of the object path. If the object is on an incline, also specify whether the extension continues the slope of the main rail, or is horizontal to the ground.

Railing/Fence Settings: Post Pane

Parameter	Description
Post option	Select Post, No Post, or Wall Bracket; the settings available on the pane change depending on the selection
Post settings
2D View with Post	When selected, the posts are visible in Top/Plan view; when deselected, the posts are not visible
Post Height	Select Calculated Height to have the post height automatically calculated from the rail height. Select Custom Height to enter a specific height.
Profile	Select a profile shape for the post, and specify the dimensions, if necessary. • Round: Enter the Diameter • Rectangular: Enter the Width and Height • Octagon: Enter the Diameter • Custom Profile: Select a profile from the list of available shapes • Custom Symbol: Select a symbol from the list of available symbols You can create a 2D symbol to use as a custom profile, or a 3D symbol to use for the post. Save the profile or post symbol in the current document, or in a file in the appropriate folder in your user folder: [User]\Libraries\Defaults\Railing Fence\Profile Posts or [User]\Libraries\Defaults\Railing Fence\Symbol Posts.
Fixed Post	Specify one or more fixed locations for posts along the fence or railing. • Post at Starting Point and Post at End Point place a post at the specified distance from the start or end of the object path • Post at Corner places a post at each corner of the object path • 2 Posts at Corner places a post at a specified distance before and after each corner of the object path
Arrangement
Arrangement options	• Approximate Distance calculates a number of posts and distributes them evenly along the object path • Fixed Distance calculates a number of posts and positions them at the specified distance from each other along the object path; this may result in uneven spacing for the end posts • Number of Posts evenly distributes the specified number of posts along the object path
Position	When an existing railing or fence is selected, opens the Position Post dialog box. Select a post from the list, and then click the appropriate button: • New adds a new post to the path, halfway between the selected post and the post beneath it in the list; enter offset information for the new post, if needed. The Offset Position Max. and Min. values that display represent the end and beginning of the path, respectively. Offset Position is the distance to offset the post from its default, calculated position; a negative number moves the post toward the beginning of the path, and a positive number moves it toward the end of the path. Offset to Bottom is the distance to offset the post bottom from its default, calculated position; a positive number makes the post longer, and a negative number makes it shorter. • Edit opens a dialog box to edit the offset information for the selected post. • Delete deletes the post. • Default Settings restores the defaults, discarding all post additions, deletions, and offsets.
Fascia Mount Post	Select to add an L-shaped mounting bracket to the bottom of each post
Fascia Is	Specify the direction of the bracket
Height	Enter the height of the bracket
Distance	Enter the horizontal length of the bracket
Wall Bracket settings
2D View with Post	When selected, the bracket posts are visible in Top/Plan view; when deselected, the posts are not visible
2D View with Overhang	When selected, the bracket extensions are visible in Top/Plan view; when deselected, the extensions are not visible
Bracket Post
Wall Is	Specify the direction of the bracket extension
Profile	Select the profile shape of the bracket
Diameter	Enter the diameter of the bracket extension
Height	Enter the height of the bracket
Distance	Enter the distance between the bracket post and the wall
Fixed Brackets	Specify one or more fixed locations for brackets along the fence or railing. • Bracket at Starting Point and Bracket at End Point place a bracket at the specified distance from the start or end of the object path • 2 Brackets at Corner places a bracket at a specified distance before and after each corner of the object path
Arrangement
Arrangement options	• Approximate Distance calculates a number of brackets and distributes them evenly along the object path • Fixed Distance calculates a number of brackets and positions them at the specified distance from each other along the object path; this may result in uneven spacing for the end brackets • Number of Posts evenly distributes the specified number of brackets along the object path
Position	When an existing railing is selected, opens the Position Wall Bracket dialog box. Select a bracket from the list, and then click the appropriate button. • New adds a new bracket to the path, halfway between the selected bracket and the bracket beneath it in the list; enter offset information for the new bracket, if needed. The Offset Position Max. and Min. values that display represent the end and beginning of the path, respectively. Offset Position is the distance to offset the bracket from its default, calculated position; a negative number moves the bracket toward the beginning of the path, and a positive number moves it toward the end of the path. • Edit opens a dialog box to edit the offset information for the selected bracket. • Delete deletes the bracket. • Default Settings restores the defaults, discarding all bracket additions, deletions, and offsets.

Railing/Fence Settings: Frame/Panel Pane

Parameter	Description
Frame/Panel	Select to add a frame or panel between the posts
Frame and Panel Ends at Start and End Post	When selected, the frame or panel ends at the first and last post; when deselected, the frame or panel length matches the length of the object’s path
No Frame/Panel at Corner without Post	When selected, no frames or panels are created adjacent to corners, if Post at Corner is deselected. When deselected, frames or panels are created around corners continuously.
Frame Type	Select Frame or Panel; the settings available on the pane change depending on the selection. • Frame adds multiple bars between the posts • Panel adds solid panels between the posts
Top/Bottom/Side	For frames, select whether to add special frame bars at the top, bottom, and sides of each section of railing or fence
Distance to Top Rail	Enter the distance between the top rail and the top of the frame or panel
Distance to Floor	Enter the distance between the bottom of the frame or panel and the floor
Shape	For frames, select a profile shape for the frame bars, and specify the dimensions, if necessary. • Line: no dimensions • Flat: Enter the Width • Round: Enter the Width • Rectangular: Enter the Width and Height
Frame Bars
Frame bar options	Select one or more options for the orientation of the frame bars. • Create Horizontal Frames • Create Vertical Frames • Rotate Frames by 45°
Shape	Select a profile shape for the frame bars, and specify the dimensions, if necessary. • Line: no dimensions • Flat: Enter the Thickness • Round: Enter the Thickness • Rectangular: Enter the Thickness and Depth
Maximum Distance	Enter a maximum distance between the frame bars

Railing/Fence Settings: Start/End Pane

For Top/Plan view, enter an angle for chamfers at each end of the railing or fence; enter 0 (zero) for a straight edge.

Railing/Fence Settings: Attributes Pane

The class and class graphic attributes of each part of the railing or fence display. Double-click an item to open an attributes dialog box. See The Attributes Palette for information about setting attributes.

Saving a Railing or Fence as a Symbol

You can save the railing or fence configuration as a symbol in the current file or in a library file. The object is saved as a red symbol and becomes a plug-in object with pre-set parameters when inserted. See Símbolos.

1 From the Railing/Fence Settings dialog box, open the General pane, and click Save as Symbol.

Parameter	Description
Destination	Specify whether to save the symbol in the current file, or in a custom default library file located in the user folder; the exact location is displayed upon saving
Name	Enter a name for the symbol
Symbol Folder	If you are saving the symbol in the current document, select the current file name to save the symbol at the top level, or double-click a folder from the list to save the symbol in that folder. To create a folder, click New Folder. To create a subfolder within a folder, select the folder and click Browse, or double-click the folder.

Parameter

Description

Destination

Specify whether to save the symbol in the current file, or in a custom default library file located in the user folder; the exact location is displayed upon saving

Name

Enter a name for the symbol

Symbol Folder

If you are saving the symbol in the current document, select the current file name to save the symbol at the top level, or double-click a folder from the list to save the symbol in that folder.

To create a folder, click New Folder. To create a subfolder within a folder, select the folder and click Browse, or double-click the folder.

• To save the symbol in a library file, select Save as template in library file and enter a name for the symbol. It will be available from the Symbol Selection list in the General pane, under the Custom Defaults category. Library files can be shared among users.

• To save the symbol in the current file, select Save as symbol in current document, enter a name for the symbol, and select a folder destination for the symbol. It will be available from the Symbol Selection list in the General pane, under the Current document category, and also from the Resource Manager. Symbols can be shared by exporting them from the Resource Manager (see Exporting Resources).

Analyzing the Site Model

Reporting Site Model Volume

The individual cut and fill calculations for a site model can be listed in a report for verification.

Command	Workspace: Path
Create Site Volume List	• Architect: AEC > Terrain • Landmark: Landmark

1 Select the site model to analyze. Only one site model can be analyzed at a time.

The Create Site Model Volume List dialog box opens. On the Columns tab, select the columns of site model data to include in the report.

Parameter	Description
Available Columns	Lists the columns that can be selected for inclusion in the report
Selected Columns	Lists the columns to be included in the report; to change the list order, use the cursor to drag and drop the items to move in the # column.
Add >	Adds one or more selected items from the available list to the end of the Selected Columns list
Add All >>	Adds all available columns to the end of the Selected Columns list
< Remove	Removes one or more selected items from the Selected Columns list
<< Remove All	Removes all column items from the Selected Columns list
Column Parameters
Triangle Index	Creates a numeric index for each triangle that makes up the site model Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
Existing Surface Area	Lists the surface area of each triangle in the existing site model
Proposed Surface Area	Lists the surface area of each triangle in the proposed site model
Projected Area	Lists the projected area of the common (existing and proposed) site model triangles
Existing Volume	Lists the volume of each triangle (extruded to the existing site model’s Minimum Elevation plus its Datum Elevation)
Proposed Volume	Lists the volume of each triangle (extruded to the proposed site model’s Minimum Elevation plus its Datum Elevation)
Cut Volume	Compares the existing and proposed volume for each triangle in the site model, and displays the extra volume present in the proposed model
Fill Volume	Compares the existing and proposed volume for each triangle in the site model, and displays the volume removed from the proposed model
Net Cut & Fill Volume	Lists the fill volume minus the cut volume for each triangle in the site model
Total Cut & Fill Volume	Lists the fill volume plus the cut volume for each triangle in the site model

3 On the Grade Limits Modifiers tab, select the grade limits site modifiers to include in the report calculations.

Parameter	Description
Available Grade Limits Modifiers	Lists the grade limit-type site modifiers in the drawing; grade limits modifiers are identified by an assigned number
Selected Grade Limits Modifiers	Lists the site modifiers to be included in the report calculations
Add >	Adds one or more selected items from the available list to the end of the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
Add All >>	Adds all available modifiers to the end of the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
< Remove	Removes one or more selected items from the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
<< Remove All	Removes all items from the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
Show Modifier	When a numbered grade limits modifier is highlighted, selects the associated site modifier in the drawing, and zooms in so the site modifier is easily identifiable
Modifier Parameters
Outside Grade Limits	Includes all areas of the site model surface without any modifiers
Grade Limits Modifier __	Each grade limits site modifier in the drawing is identified with a number. If you have provided a name for the site modifier on the Data tab of the Object Info palette, the name displays in parentheses

Parameter	Description
Show Data for Unmodified Site Model Surface	When selected, the report includes the entire surface of the site model. Deselect this option to exclude the unchanged surface between the existing and proposed site models from the report.
Create Text File	Creates a tab-delimited text file of the report, which can easily be imported into a spreadsheet program for further manipulation. Specify the name of the text file and the location to save it in.
Create Triangle Group	Creates a group containing subgroups of polygons and volumetric data text for each triangle that makes up the site model triangulated network. For complex site models, a significant amount of information is displayed; adjust text size of the entire selected group with the Text > Size command.
Create Worksheet	Adds a Volume List worksheet containing the volume data to the current file

Zone of Visual Influence Analysis

This type of analysis creates a representation of shadowed and lighted areas as seen from a specified point of view.

Command	Workspace: Path
Zone of Visual Influence	• Designer: AEC > Terrain • Landmark: Landmark

Parameter	Description
Select Site Model	Select the site model to analyze
View height above Site Model	Represents the view point elevation for the study. For example, 60 inches (152.4 cm) is often used as a standard eye level when standing.

A light source is automatically inserted, and the layer is rendered to complete the analysis. Dark regions indicate areas that cannot be seen from the specified observation point at that viewing level.

Obtaining Site Model Data

Site Model Section

Command	Workspace: Path
Site Modifier Section	• Architect: AEC > Terrain • Landmark: Landmark

1 Draw or select a 2D polygon or polyline to define the section alignment. In the Vectorworks Landmark product, if you are selecting a previously drawn polyline with station points (such as a road or Roadway (Poly) object), a station point profile can be created.

The polygon or polyline vertices must be contained within the limits of the site model.

The Create Site Model Section dialog box opens. Specify the site model section parameters.

Parameter	Description
Create section on layer	Specify the layer where the section will be placed
Draw Background Grid	Select to draw a background grid, and click the color box to specify the grid color
Draw Existing Site Profile	Select to draw a profile for the existing site model, and click the color box to specify the profile color
Draw Proposed Site Profile	Select to draw a profile for the proposed site model, and click the color box to specify the profile color
Draw Selected Station Profile (Landmark required)	Select to draw a profile of the station points, and click the color box to specify the profile color; this option is available only if a polyline associated with station points (such as a road) is selected
Station Points
Draw points at polygon vertices	If the selected polygon does not contain stake objects, select to create station points at the polygon vertices; this option is available only if a station polyline is selected
Draw points at interval	If the selected polygon does not contain stake objects, select to create station points at the specified interval
Draw points at existing stakes (Landmark required)	When stakes exist along the profile polygon, station points are automatically created for the stakes; this option is available only if a polyline with station points (such as a road) is selected
Formatting	Click to specify the section graphic formatting

The Site Model Section Formatting dialog box opens. Specify the formatting for the site model section graphic.

Parameter	Description
Display Scale Factor	Specifies the site model scale factor; the layer scale factor is entered by default
Vertical Magnification Factor	Sets an independent scale factor for the Y axis of the graphic
Vertical Margin	Specifies the distance, in page units, between the highest and lowest points in the graph and the graph margins
Horizontal Margin	Specifies the distance, in page units, between the graph start and end and the graph margins
Draw Legend Text	Indicates whether to create a legend for the graph; legend text is color coded to match the section profiles
Legend point size	Specifies the size, in points, of the legend text
Draw Elevations	Indicates whether to display the elevation of the profiles along the station points
Elevation point size	Specifies the size, in points, of the elevation text
Station Point Labels (Landmark required)	Sets the type of label, if any, to apply to the station points on the background grid
Profile Line Weight	Specifies the thickness of the profile lines
Station Line Weight	Specifies the thickness of the station lines

5 Click OK to create the sectional view of the site. If the site model changes, the site model section needs to be recreated.

Calculating Grade for a Site Model

The Grade tool is available in all Vectorworks Design Series products, but its site model functionality requires additional features that are available only in the Landmark product. For information on creating solid sections from grade objects, see Creating a Solid Section from Grade Objects.

The Grade tool is in the Site Planning tool set (Designer and Landmark workspaces) and the Building Shell tool set (Architect and Spotlight workspaces).

When used for site planning, the Grade tool annotates terrain slopes on site plan documents.

Networks of grade objects can be created to show slope characteristics across a surface. Grade objects can be used in conjunction with a site model, and can modify the site model. In addition, 3D loci can be generated from grade object elevations, and used as the basis of creating a site model.

Mode	Description
Insert	Draws a grade object based on set elevation parameters or a site model
Edit Elevation	Changes the elevation value of one or more existing grade objects
Update	Updates all grade objects in the drawing, applying current preference settings and updating any overlapped elevation points
Preferences	Sets the default global preferences for the grade object

Specifying Global Grade Object Preferences

The grade indicator appearance for all grade objects in the file can be specified globally.

Tool	Workspace: Tool set
Grade	• Designer and Landmark: Site Planning • Architect and Spotlight: Building Shell

2 Click Preferences. Alternatively, select an existing grade object; click Settings from the Object Info palette, double-click the grade object, or right-click on a grade object and select Edit from the context menu.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Global Settings tab and enter the desired settings.

Parameter	Description
Display Settings (global)
Arrow Line Length	Specifies the length of the grade directional arrow, in page units
Arrow Offset	Sets the distance of the grade directional arrow from the grade line, in page units
Grade Def.	Select the type of display for the slope (percent, permille, run/rise ratio, rise/run ratio, or angle)
Precision	Sets the displayed precision for the slope value
Directional Indicator Attributes (global)
Pen/Style	Select the pen style and line thickness for the grade directional arrow. Alternatively, select Class style in the Pen list. The pen, color, style, and marker are then determined by the class attributes of the grade object.
Color	Click the color box to select the grade directional arrow color
End Marker	Specifies the marker type for the end of the grade directional arrow
Opacity	Sets the opacity of the grade directional arrow; drag the slider to the left to decrease opacity, or enter an opacity percentage
Use Class Opacity	The opacity of the arrow can be set by the class of the grade object
Reshape Setting (global)
Preserve Grade if one point is not connected	Preserves the grade of a reshaped grade object, and recalculates the elevation. This preference works only if at least one end point of the reshaped grade object is not connected to another grade object; the elevation of the unconnected end point is changed. If both end points of the reshaped grade object are connected to other grade objects, the grade is changed and the elevations are preserved to maintain continuity with the connected grade objects.
Analyze Grade Objects	Uses grade objects to analyze the slope or elevation

3 Click Update from the Tool bar to update all grade objects in the drawing with the global settings.

Inserting Grade Objects

Mode	Tool	Workspace: Tool set
Insert	Grade	• Designer and Landmark: Site Planning • Architect and Spotlight: Building Shell

2 Click to set the start of the grade. Move the cursor and click again to set the end point.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Object Properties tab and enter the desired settings.

Parameter	Description
General	Given two parameters, the grade parameters are calculated for the remaining parameters. Enter the two known parameters to calculate and display the other grade parameters. The initial elevation of the first and/or second points of the grade object is determined by these methods: • If an existing grade object is under one of the points, the elevation of the existing grade object is used • If a stake object is under one of the points, its elevation is used • If a site model is under one of the points, the calculated elevation of the point is used • If none of the above occurs, the elevation of the last created grade object is used
Parameter 1	Select the first known parameter (Elevation 1, Elevation 2, Downward Grade in %, Upward Grade in %, Downward Ratio (rise/run), Upward Ratio (rise/run), or elevation change) and enter the value associated with the parameter
Parameter 2	Select the second known parameter (available choices depend on the first parameter selected), and enter the value associated with the parameter
Parameter Display	The remaining parameters are calculated and displayed, including the grade length
Graphics	Sets the graphic appearance of the grade object. The appearance of the indicator, grade definition, and precision is set in the global settings (see Specifying Global Grade Object Preferences). Once created, each graphic element of the grade object has its own control point. Move a control point to adjust the position of the text and indicator.
Elevation marker symbol	Select the symbol to use to indicate the elevation marker at each end of the grade object; grade symbols are also provided in libraries
Scale	Scales the elevation marker with respect to the layer scale by the specified scale factor; a Factor of less than one decreases the size of the marker while a Factor of more than one increases its size
Show Slope Value	Displays the grade value If the value does not display, increase the text size by selecting Text > Size.
Show Projected/Surface Length Value	Displays the projected grade length/surface length and the slope arrow; the slope arrow always indicates the downward slope direction. Enter a prefix for the value, if desired. The projected length is the distance between the points as measured along a horizontal projection; the surface length is the distance between the points as measured along the surface, which facilitates a more accurate calculation for purchasing materials. If both Show Projected Length Value and Show Surface Length Value are selected, both values are displayed along the grade object, with a slash (/) between them (prefix + projected length/prefix + surface length).
Show Length Value(s) Below Arrow	When Show Projected Length Value and/or Show Surface Length Value is selected, select to display the value below the slope arrow
Show Elevation Value	Displays the elevation value at each end of the grade object
Draw Line	Draws a slope line to represent the distance between the two elevation points
Site Model
Grade Object Mode
Use Grade Object Heights	Uses the elevation values specified in the General parameters
Use Heights from Site Model	When the grade is drawn over a site model, the elevation of the first and second points is derived from either the existing or proposed site model. The values in the General parameters do not apply. The grade object updates with the site model.
Change Site Model (Use Grade as Pad Modifier)	Uses the grade object as a site modifier object; the elevation values specified in the General parameters are applied to either the existing or proposed site model. Update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).
Apply To
Existing/Proposed Site Model	Selects the site model to provide elevation values when Use Heights from Site Model is selected, or the site model to be modified when Change Site Model is selected

Grade objects can be edited from the Object Info palette. Commonly-required parameters can be accessed directly from the Object Info palette, or click Settings to change any of the parameters of selected grade objects. Alternatively, edit the settings of a grade object by double-clicking on it, or right-click on a grade object and select Edit from the context menu.

Grade objects can be used together, using an existing grade object as a reference for another grade object. Either move the endpoint of one grade object onto the line of another grade object, or create a new grade object with an end point on an existing grade object. The existing grade object is split at the new endpoint, creating a network of overlapping grade objects. The elevation of the shared point is interpolated from the slope of the existing object; if an elevation point is updated, all overlapping grade objects automatically update. Click Update mode from the Tool bar of the Grade tool to force an update of all overlapping grade objects.

Editing Elevation

If the elevation changes after one or more grade objects have been placed, there is no need to replace the existing grade objects. Change the elevation of one end of a grade object, or offset the elevation of selected (or all) grade objects in the drawing.

Elevation marker symbols must be at a valid scale to edit elevations. If the Edit Elevation dialog box does not open, increase the marker scale factor for the grade object.

Mode	Tool	Workspace: Tool set
Edit Elevation	Grade	• Designer and Landmark: Site Planning • Architect and Spotlight: Building Shell

Parameter	Description
Elevation at Selected End Marker	Changes the elevation for the selected end of the grade object
Offset Selected Grade Objects	Adjusts the elevation of all selected grade objects by the specified amount
Offset All Grade Objects	Adjusts the elevation of all grade objects in the file by the specified amount

Analyzing Grade

Grade objects can be used to analyze the slope objects in a drawing and identify critical slopes. Grade objects that are outside specified slope or elevation ranges are highlighted or selected.

Tool	Workspace: Tool set
Grade	• Designer and Landmark: Site Planning • Architect and Spotlight: Building Shell

2 Click Preferences. Alternatively, click Settings from the Object Info palette of a selected grade object.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Global Settings tab and specify the grade analysis parameters.

Parameter	Description
Analyze Grade Objects
Mark Objects	Select the action to take when critical grade objects are identified
Highlight Critical Objects	Click the color box to select the highlight color for grade objects that meet the criteria
Select Critical Objects	Selects all grade objects that meet the criteria
Criteria	Specifies the criteria for critical grade objects
Grade out of range (%)	Sets a range of acceptable slope values; grades outside of the range are considered to be critical
Elevations out of range	Sets a range of acceptable elevation values; elevations outside of the range are considered to be critical
Show intersections	Specifies that any intersecting grade objects should be considered critical

Grade objects that do not meet the criteria are considered critical, and are highlighted and/or selected, as specified.

Creating Loci from a Grade Object

One or more grade objects can be used to place 3D loci on the current layer. The 3D loci can then be used to create stake objects or a site model (Vectorworks Architect or Landmark required).

Command	Workspace: Path
Create 3D Loci at Grade Points	• Designer: AEC > Terrain • Landmark: Landmark

The Create 3D Loci at Grade Points command is available for Vectorworks Architect and Spotlight software but is not present in the those workspaces. It can be added to the Architect and Spotlight workspaces (see Customizing Workspaces).

A 3D locus is placed at the ends of each selected grade object. The Z-value of the loci match the associated elevation of the grade start or end point.

Inserting Stake Objects

Stake objects represent a 3D point in space, with text to display the elevation, coordinate points, or other information. Using a stake object, the elevation information for a point on the site model can be determined and labeled. A stake object can be used as a site modifier. If the design layer is georeferenced, a stake object can be used as a geographic marker.

2 Click on the site model to place the stake object, or draw a temporary polygon to place a series of stake objects at each click point and double-click to end the series.

The first time you use the tool in a file, a properties dialog box opens. Set the default properties. The properties can be edited from the Object Info palette.

To automatically increment the ID parameter when placing new stake objects, select Auto ID Numbering and specify an Initial ID Number. Otherwise, leave Auto ID Numbering unselected and specify the default ID Number for stake objects.

3 The stake objects are added to the drawing at the elevation specified in the Tool bar.

4 If the stake objects are site modifiers, update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette.).

5 Move the control point to adjust the label and leader line position. If there are several stake objects, use the Align/Distribute Leader Lines command to improve readability (see Aligning and Distributing Leader Lines).

Parameter	Description
Z-value	Specifies the stake elevation. To create road stakes with the Vectorworks Landmark product, set the elevation of the first stake along the polyline; the elevation of the remaining stakes is automatically calculated (as described in Setting Stake Elevations).
Rotation	Rotates the stake object indicator and the label (if applicable) around the stake object indicator’s center
Mode
Include as site model data	Uses the stake as site model data if it is located in the source data layer (select when using stakes to create a site model)
Set elev to site model	Sets the stake elevation to the existing site model elevation
Use as 2D/3D graphic only	Treats the stake like a text box and does not include 3D information
Site modifier object	Treats the stake object as a site modifier, which has an effect on the site model
Site Model	When the stake object is used as a site modifier, specifies whether it affects the existing or proposed site model
Style	Selects the graphic style of the stake object indicator
Bubble Style	Selects the graphic style of the bubble drawn around the stake’s value
RR Corner Radius	For Round Rect bubble styles, sets the corner radius
Text Margin	Sets the distance between the bubble and the text
3D Display	Sets the appearance of the stake object in 3D views • None - no 3D display is created; the stake object displays like a 2D planar object • Locus - a 3D locus is displayed • Extrude - a rectangular extrude extends upward from the stake elevation; specify the width and height of the extrude
Mark Offset X	Offsets the stake object indicator from the insertion point along the X axis
Mark Offset Y	Offsets the stake object indicator from the insertion point along the Y axis
Mark Rotation	Rotates the stake object indicator around its center
Label Reference	Selects the type of information to display in the label; select No Label to display no text. The available label fields depend on the label reference selected.
Label Position	Specifies the alignment of the label, and which side to place the leader line (when displayed): • Auto: Automatically determines whether to place the text on the left or right, depending on the position of the label related to the stake’s location • Right: Places the text to the right of the label control point and left-justifies the text • Left: Places the text to the left of the label control point and right-justifies the text • Center: Centers the text on the label control point
Description	For description type labels, enter description text
ID Prefix	For ID type labels, enter a prefix to display before the ID number
ID Suffix	For ID type labels, enter a suffix to display after the ID number
Auto ID Numbering	Select to automatically increment the ID number parameter when inserting new stake objects
(Initial) ID Number	For ID type labels, specify the ID number. When Auto ID Numbering is selected, the ID Number field changes to Initial ID Number, and ID numbers will be automatically incremented beginning with the initial number specified. When Auto ID Numbering is not selected, specify the default ID Number for stake objects.
Station Point Data	For Stationing Data labels, indicates the station point data for the selected stake object
Coordinate Point	Coordinate point type labels can show the stake’s distance from a point of origin (user origin), or they can show the stake’s geographic position (latitude and longitude) if the design layer is georeferenced (see GIS and Georeferencing). • To display distance, specify Document Units, Feet, or Meters as the Coordinate Units. The Coordinate Point (NE - Northing-Easting) and Coordinate Point (EN - Easting-Northing) options display the distance prefixed with the direction (N, W, S, E). The Coordinate Point (XY) option displays the distance prefixed with the file coordinates (X, Y). • To display longitude and latitude, specify Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds as the Coordinate Units. If the stake object or user origin moves, the coordinates automatically update to reflect the change.
Coordinate Units	For coordinate point type labels, specifies the units to use for the coordinates. • Select Document Units, Feet, or Meters to show the stake’s position relative to the user origin of this drawing. • If the design layer is georeferenced, select Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to show the stake’s geographic position.
Coordinate Prec	When coordinate point type labels are set for units of Feet, Meters, Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds, specifies the precision with which the measurements will be labeled
Show Elevation	For coordinate point type labels, select to display the elevation below the other coordinates
Elevation Units	For elevation type labels, and for coordinate point type labels when Show Elevation is selected, specifies the units to use for the elevation. • Select Document Units to use the same units as the document • Select an imperial or metric unit to show the stake’s position relative to the user origin of this drawing. • If the design layer is georeferenced, select Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to show the stake’s geographic position.
Elevation Prec	For elevation and coordinate point type labels where the specified elevation units are not set to Document Units, specifies the precision with which the measurements are labeled
Show Unit Mark	For elevation and coordinate point type labels, select to display the unit mark along with the unit value For coordinate point type labels, if Document Units are set for Coordinate Units, the unit mark visibility is determined by the document setting.
Display Leader Line	Adds a leader line from the label to the stake object (adjust the leader line position by moving the leader line control point)
Scale Factor	Determines the size of the stake object indicator

Converting 3D Loci to Stake Objects

In the Vectorworks Landmark product, 3D loci can be converted to stake objects, which can then be used to modify a site model. This is useful when survey data, in the form of 3D loci, need to modify an existing or proposed site model.

The Convert to Stake Object dialog box opens. Set the properties for new stakes.

[Coordinate units in the chart below was left deliberately vague because it’s so “klugie” (sp?) in the UI and Vlado may be fixing it in response to a bug I filed. I don’t want to call attention to the weirdness by being very specific. If it actually gets fixed, we can come back and flesh it out some. KB 5/13]

Parameter	Description
Mode	Select the type of stake object to create: • Include as site model data: Uses the stake as site model data if it is located in the source data layer (select when using stakes to create a site model) • Set elev to site model: Sets the stake elevation to the existing site model elevation • Use as 2D graphics only: Treats the stake like a text box and does not include 3D information such as elevation • Site modifier object: Treats the stake object as a site modifier, which has an effect on the selected site model
Site Model	Select the site model which the stakes affect
Style	Selects the graphic style of the stake object
Label Reference	Selects the type of information to display in the label; select No Label to display no text. The available label fields depend on the label reference selected.
ID Prefix	For ID type labels, enter a prefix to display with the ID
Auto ID Numbering	Select to automatically increment the ID number parameter when inserting new stake objects
(Initial) ID Number	For ID type labels, specify the ID number. When Auto ID Numbering is selected, the ID Number field changes to Initial ID Number, and ID numbers are automatically incremented beginning with the initial number specified. When Auto ID Numbering is not selected, specify the default ID Number for stake objects
Description	For description type labels, enter description text
Station Point Data	For Stationing Data labels, indicates the station point data for the selected stake object
Coordinate Units	Coordinate point type labels show the stake’s distance from a point of origin (user origin). This field specifies the units (document units, feet, or meters) to use for the coordinates.
Display Leader Line	Adds a leader line from the label to the stake object (adjust the leader line position by moving the leader line control point)
Scale Factor	Determines the size of the label display
Delete Source Loci	Deletes the original loci that were converted

If the stake objects are site modifiers, update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).

See Inserting Stake Objects for additional stake object parameters that can be edited from the Object Info palette.

Mode	Description
Standard Insertion	Inserts a single stake object
Offset Insertion	Inserts a stake at each vertex of the drawn polygon shape
Preferences	Sets the default preferences for the stake object
Elevation	Sets the default elevation value for stake objects

Creating Landscape Walls