SiteModel2

The Vectorworks Architect and Landmark programs include the ability to create a stepped wall. The Vectorworks Landmark program also contains the ability to create a retaining wall site modifier, and several ways of creating landscape walls with the landscape wall tools. The stepped wall and retaining wall site modifier are based on walls created with the Wall or Round Wall tool, offering the benefits and flexibility of the architectural wall tools.

Creating Stepped Walls

Stepped walls add wall peaks to existing walls created with the Wall tool or Round Wall tool. The existing wall can be a single wall or a chain of multiple wall segments that are L-joined to each other. Stepped walls can have a constant rise at each interval, or conform to underlying terrain with a variable rise, such as free-standing landscape walls or fences.

The options available depend on the selected Step Style (even steps or terrain steps). If the parameters are set so that the steps are uneven, the top step is truncated.

Parameter	Description
Even Steps	Creates a stepped wall with a constant rise and wall peaks at even intervals
Preview	Previews the selected configuration
Total Length	Displays the total length of the stepped wall to be created
Number of Steps	Displays the total number of steps to be created
Calculator	The steps are created based on three parameters: step length, step rise, and total rise. Based on the entry of two of these parameters, the third is automatically calculated. Click to place the calculator at the parameter that should be automatically calculated, and enter the values for the other two parameters.
Step Length	Sets the length of one step
Step Rise	Sets the rise of one step
Total Rise	Specifies the total rise value
Apply Steps to	Steps can be applied to either the top or bottom of the wall, or both
Top of Wall	Steps apply to the top of the wall
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the top steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right. This allows the last step to be shorter or longer, for example.
Bottom of Wall	Steps apply to the bottom of the wall
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the bottom steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right.
Reverse Direction	Sets whether steps should be started from the beginning of the wall (option is deselected) or end of the wall (option is selected)
Terrain Steps
Total Length	Displays the total length of the stepped wall to be created
Number of Steps	Displays the total number of steps to be created
Step Length	Sets the length of one step
Vertical Offset	Specifies the offset distance from the terrain surface; an offset of zero keeps the steps at the surface, while a positive value raises them above the surface
Apply Steps to
Top of Wall	Applies steps to the top of the wall, mirroring the terrain
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the top steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right. This allows the last step to be shorter or longer, for example.
Bottom of Wall	Terrain steps are always applied to the bottom of the wall, since the steps follow the terrain
Horizontal Offset	Specifies the horizontal offset of the bottom steps; positive values move the steps to the left, while negative values move them to the right.
Place Steps Above Terrain	The steps are reversed so that they are above the terrain

Creating Retaining Walls

A retaining wall site modifier can be created based on existing walls created with the Wall tool or Round Wall tool. The existing wall can be a single wall or a chain of multiple wall segments that are L-joined to each other. The retaining wall created can modify the site model, and the terrain can be sculpted as desired around the retaining wall.

Once created, the retaining wall site modifier is not associated with the wall object used to create it.

2. Select the Create Retaining Wall Site Modifier command from the appropriate menu:

The Create Retaining Wall Site Modifier dialog box opens. Set the initial location of the site modifiers within the retaining wall. There are three distinct areas that can modify the site model:

• the pad at the bottom of the wall, which can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall, or simply follow the terrain

• the left and right side edges of the wall, which can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall, or follow the terrain

The left and right sides of the wall are determined by the wall direction as it was drawn.

Parameter	Description
Diagram	This wall schematic shows the location of the pad modifier at the bottom of the wall (1), the left (2) and right (3) edge modifiers, and the start (4) and end (5) edge modifiers; it also shows the wall start and end, which determines the wall direction and therefore which edge is left and right
Pad	Specifies the vertical offset and shape of the modifier pad; the modifier can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall and follow top or bottom wall peaks, or can simply follow the current terrain. The pad offset can control the cut and fill values produced by the site modifier.
Offset Below Wall Top	Sets the pad modifier to be offset below the top of the wall by the specified value
Follow Top Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the top of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Offset Above Wall Bottom	Sets the pad modifier to be offset above the bottom of the wall by the specified value
Follow Bottom Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the bottom of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Follow Terrain	The pad modifier follows the terrain location (offset and shape) along the bottom of the wall
Side Edges
Left/Right Modifier Edge	Select whether to create the edge modifier objects on the left and/or right sides of the retaining wall. Edge modifiers sculpt the terrain at the left or right of the retaining wall sides according to the parameters set. The modifier can be offset from the top or bottom of the wall and follow top or bottom wall peaks, or can simply follow the current terrain.
Offset Below Wall Top	Sets the edge modifier to be offset below the top of the wall by the specified value
Follow Top Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the top of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Offset Above Wall Bottom	Sets the edge modifier to be offset above the bottom of the wall by the specified value
Follow Bottom Wall Peaks	The modifier shape follows the wall peaks at the bottom of the wall. If a wall has vertical peaks, the modifiers will be nearly vertical.
Follow Terrain	The edge modifier follows the terrain location (offset and shape) along the side of the wall
Start/End Edges	The start and end edge modifiers define how the terrain wraps around the retaining wall sides
Include Start Modifier Edge	Select whether to create an edge modifier object at the starting edge of the wall
Include End Modifier Edge	Select whether to create an edge modifier object at the ending edge of the wall

3. Click OK to create the retaining wall site modifier. The original wall(s) remain in the drawing; the site modifier is a new, separate object.

4. Update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).

Editing Retaining Walls

Parameter	Description
Apply To	Select whether the retaining wall modifies the existing or proposed site model
Width	Determines the distance between the left and right edges of the retaining wall
Pad Offset	Specifies the offset of the pad from the Z elevation of the retaining wall site modifier object itself; the offset can control the cut and fill values produced by this site modifier
Include Left/Right/Start/End Modifier Edge	Toggles the modification of the site model by the selected modifier edge parameters
Vertex parameters	Edits the path vertices; see “Editando Objetos Baseados em Vértices” on page 1000
Move	Select the portion of the retaining wall modifier to edit, and then edit its Elevation, or scroll through its vertices with the left and right arrows and change the selected vertex Elevation
Edit	For vertex selections made in Move, scrolls through the vertices, highlighting the currently selected vertex. Click the center button to highlight the selected vertex.
Elevation	Sets the elevation of the modifier item selected in Move or the vertex selected in Edit

The retaining wall site modifier consists of four modifier edges, joined by common vertices. The left and right edges of the retaining wall site modifier can be reshaped with the Reshape tool, similar to reshaping walls (see “Reshaping Walls” on page 532). Move vertices, and add or delete vertices to reshape the retaining wall.

The start and end edges cannot be directly edited with the Reshape tool. However, a vertex added to the left or right edge can be edited by the Reshape tool (select Start/End Modifier Edge from the Move list in the Object Info palette, and click Add Vertex). Adding vertices to the start and end edges allows them to be reshaped as needed.

The Send to Surface command can be used to send either the retaining wall modifier edge or the pad to the surface of the site model.

Landscape Wall Tools

The Vectorworks Landmark program includes three tools for creating landscape walls.

A landscape wall object (retaining wall) can be set to be a site model modifier. It changes the proposed site model when the site model is updated.

To draw straight, arc, and Bézier landscape walls, either use the landscape wall tools, or draw a polyline and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command (see “Creating Objects from Shapes” on page 273). Place the different types of landscape walls next to each other to achieve a particular design or effect.

To create a row of straight and curved landscape walls, use the Create Objects from Shapes command.

Straight Landscape Walls

2. Click and drag to define the length and angle of the landscape wall. Click again to set the end point. If this is the first time the tool is used during this session, the Object Properties dialog box opens. Accept the default values and click OK.

The straight landscape wall parameters can be edited in the Object Info palette.

Parameter	Description
Z	Elevation of starting point of wall
Rot	Angle of rotation of wall
Length	Total length of all wall sections in the object
Top Width	Width of wall at top (see diagram)
Step Height	When the wall starting point and ending point are different, this parameter indicates the height of the step between sections
Wall Height	Wall height above Z value
Rise	Difference in height between wall starting and ending points
Left/Right Pitch	Angle of wall on left and right sides (see diagram); for a straight wall with site modifiers, the left side is always the side that retains earth
Use Site Modifiers	Adds a pad and grade limits to each wall section and allows the landscape wall to modify the site model
Use Grade Limits	Uses grade limits to define the site modifier modification area
Left/Right Grade Limits Off.	Controls the grade limit offsets on either side of the wall (applies only when site modifiers are used)
Show Joints	Displays the connecting joints between wall sections

Arc Landscape Walls

2. Click to define the placement of the arc landscape wall and click again to set the rotation. If this is the first time the tool is used during this session, the Object Properties dialog box opens. Accept the default values and click OK.

Parameter	Description
Z	Elevation of starting point of wall
Radius	Radius of all wall sections
Top Width	Width of wall at top (see diagram)
Step Height	When the wall starting point and ending point are different, this parameter indicates the height of the step between sections
Wall Height	Wall height above Z value
Rise	Difference in height between wall starting and ending points
Inside/Outside Pitch	Angle of wall on the inside and outside (see diagram); for an arc wall with site modifiers, the side of the wall that retains earth must be selected in Retained Side
Show Joints	Displays the connecting joints between wall sections
Retained Side	For an arc wall with site modifiers, select the side of the wall that retains earth
Arc Sweep	Angle, in degrees, of arc (see diagram)
Use Site Modifiers	Adds a pad and grade limits to each wall section and allows the landscape wall to modify the site model
Use Grade Limits	Uses grade limits to define the site modifier modification area
Inside/Outside Grade Limits Off.	Controls the grade limit offsets on either side of the wall (applies only when site modifiers are used)

Bézier Landscape Walls

3. Adjust the control points of the Bézier wall by clicking and dragging to obtain the desired curvature.

Parameter	Description
Z	Elevation of starting point of wall
Wall Length	Total length of all wall sections
Top Width	Width of wall at top (see diagram)
Wall Height	Wall height above Z value
Resolution	Select a 3D display resolution; low resolution displays fastest, but high resolution provides the best quality
Rise	Difference in height between wall starting and ending points
Left/Right Pitch	Angle of wall on left and right sides (see diagram); for a Bézier wall with site modifiers, the left side is always the side that retains earth
Show Joints	Displays the connecting joints between wall sections
Use Site Modifiers	Adds a pad and grade limits to each wall section and allows the landscape wall to modify the site model
Use Grade Limits	Uses grade limits to define the site modifier modification area
Left/Right Grade Limits Off.	Controls the grade limit offsets on either side of the wall (applies only when site modifiers are used)

Creating Hardscape Objects

A hardscape object is comprised of paved areas with joint patterns and optional borders. A boundary hardscape or pathway hardscape can be created. To draw a hardscape object, either use the Hardscape tool, or create a polyline and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command (see “Creating Objects from Shapes” on page 273). The hardscape object can modify the site model.

Mode	Description
Boundary Configuration	Creates a hardscape with a boundary configuration, defining an area with an optional border
Pathway Configuration	Creates a hardscape along a path
Pathway Edge options	For the pathway configuration, sets where to create the pathway in relation to the drawn polyline
Polyline creation options	Selects the method for drawing the polyline upon which the hardscape object is based; see “Creating Polylines” on page 294.
Preferences	Sets the default preferences for the hardscape object

2. Click Preferences from the Tool bar to specify the default Hardscape tool parameters for this session.

Parameter	Description
Definition
Name	Enter a name for the hardscape object, which displays as the ID in the ID tag
Tag Display	Select whether to display the hardscape tag to the right or left of the leader line, without a leader line (floating), or not at all
Tag Style	Select the ID tag display style. • Select Name Only to display the name of the hardscape object only (as defined in the Name field) • Select Name-Area(s) to display the hardscape object name, area and, if applicable, the area of the border • Select Name-Area(s)-Perim to display the hardscape object name, perimeter length and, if applicable, the area of the border.
Tag Class	Select a class for the hardscape tags, to control the tag appearance (line and marker style) and visibility. The classes present in the drawing are listed; alternatively, create a new class by selecting New, select the default class name, or select the class named <Hardscape Class> which places the tag in the same class as the hardscape object.
Display Tag Line Marker	Displays a marker at the end of the leader line; specify the marker style by editing the hardscape tag class (see “Setting Class Properties” on page 174)
Snap Tag to Hardscape Edge	Select this option to automatically align the endpoint of the tag with the edge or corner of the hardscape that is nearest to the shoulder point of the tag
Joint Pattern	Select the main hardscape joint pattern. The Set Joint Pattern Options dialog box opens when Flagstone, Pavers-Grid, or Pavers-Running is selected. Enter the pattern size; click the Lock button to create a symmetrical pattern, or deselect the Lock button to create an asymmetrical pattern. Specify the pattern angle. Alternatively, select a hatch, stipple, or tile resource from either the default content or the current file’s content (see “Resource Libraries” on page 215 or “Definindo Hachuras” on page 1102). Click OK. For hatch, stipple, or tile fills, the selected resource’s name displays beneath the Joint Pattern list. The joint pattern origin is editable and has a control point marked with a red locus for identification.
Area Class	Select a class for the joint pattern, to control its appearance and visibility. The classes present in the drawing are listed; alternatively, create a new class by selecting New, or select the default class, Site-Hardscape Comp-Main Joint.
Configuration	Sets the boundary and pathway parameters for the hardscape object
Boundary/Pathway	Boundary defines the hardscape object with a user-defined polyline as the outer edge of the hardscape object (for example, to define regular or irregular patio areas), while Pathway defines the hardscape object with a user-defined polyline as an alignment for a linear path
Width	Width of the pathway hardscape object
Offset	Sets the offset of the pathway centerline from the placement line
Draw Border	Select to include a border pattern along the edges of the hardscape object
Width	Enter the width of the border
Joint Pattern	Select the border paving pattern. The Enter Value dialog box opens when Spaced Joints is selected; enter the desired joint spacing value. Alternatively, select a hatch, stipple, or tile resource from either the default content or the current file’s content. Click OK. For hatch, stipple, or tile fills, the selected resource’s name displays beneath the Joint Pattern list. Similar to the main hardscape joint pattern, the border hardscape joint pattern origin is editable. It has a control point marked with a green locus for identification.
Background Color	Click the color box to select the desired border color
Border Class	Select a class for the border joint pattern, to control its appearance and visibility. The classes present in the drawing are listed; alternatively, create a new class by selecting New, or select the default class, Site-Hardscape Comp-Border Joint.
Pathway Borders	Select the border configuration for pathway hardscape objects with borders
Draw 3D	Specify 3D hardscape object parameters
3D Type	The hardscape object can act as a 3D slab object or as a pad or texture bed site modifier for a site model. Select the type of 3D modifier to create. Select Slab or Pad Modifier if the paving area is flat. Select Texture Bed Modifier if the paving area covers an area of the site with topographical changes. For more information, see “Site Model Modification Overview” on page 703. Select None to not display the hardscape object in 3D views.
Thickness	For a slab or pad, enter the thickness parameter
Main Texture	Select the texture resource for the hardscape object or assign it by class; the displayed textures are from either the default content or the current file’s content. The texture origin and rotation are automatically set to match the 2D fill origin and rotation for the main texture area.
Border Texture	Select the texture resource for the border object or assign it by class; the displayed textures are from either the default content or the current file’s content. The texture origin and rotation are automatically set to match the 2D fill origin and rotation for the border.

The Stipple joint patterns are a processor-intensive action for large hardscape objects and can significantly increase regeneration time.

When drawing a hardscape object with a curved boundary, speed the regeneration time by setting the 2D conversion resolution in Vectorworks preferences to low (see “Aba Edição” on page 47).

4. Click the appropriate mode in the Tool bar to specify the creation method of the hardscape object. Select whether to create a boundary or pathway hardscape object.

6. Click to set the end of the segment and the beginning of the next. Continue drawing segments in this manner until the hardscape object is complete. Return to the start point (for boundary configurations), or simply double-click (for either pathway or boundary configurations) to finish creating the hardscape object.

7. When classing the subcomponents of the hardscape object, such as for the joints or tags, the class visibility of the specified class controls the visibility of the corresponding subcomponent. The class attributes are only applied to the corresponding subcomponent when the Use at Creation option is selected for the class. For example, if the Joint Class is set to the Site-Hardscape Comp-Main Joint class, and that class specifies a hatch Fill Style, edit the class and select the Use at Creation option to apply the fill attribute.

8. If the hardscape 3D Type is set to Pad Modifier or Texture Bed Modifier, update the site model to apply the modification. Select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette.

Editing the Hardscape Object Settings

The parameters can be edited for selected hardscape objects through the Hardscape Settings button on the Shape tab of the Object Info palette. To modify the default hardscape object settings, click the Preferences button on the Tool bar.

Many of the parameters are identical to those used to create the hardscape object (see “Creating Hardscape Objects” on page 743). However, certain parameters are accessible in the Object Info palette only.

Parameter	Description
Shape Tab
Hardscape Settings	Click to edit the selected hardscape object. If more than one hardscape object is selected for editing, the Hardscape Settings button appears dimmed; select a single hardscape object to access the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box for editing parameters.
Save Hardscape	Click to save the selected hardscape object as a symbol; for more information, see “Saving the Hardscape Object Settings” on page 750. If more than one hardscape object is selected for editing, the Save Hardscape button appears dimmed; select a single hardscape object to save it as a symbol.
Definition
Hardscape Name	Specifies the name assigned to the hardscape object
Draw Border	Includes a border pattern along the edges of the hardscape object
Border Width	Enter the width of the border
Path Width	Width of the pathway hardscape object
Path Offset	Sets the offset of the pathway centerline from the placement line
Joint Pattern Size X/Y	Specifies the size of the joint pattern units, for flagstone, pavers-grid, and pavers-running joint patterns
Joint Pattern Angle	Specifies the rotation angle of the joint pattern
Border Pattern Size	Sets the width of the spaced joints, when spaced joints are selected for the border
Border Pattern Angle	Enter the angle of the pattern inside the border
Main Unit Price	Sets the price per square unit for the main hardscape material, for use in worksheets
Main Price Code	Specifies the main hardscape price code
Border Unit Price	Sets the price per square unit for the border material, for use in worksheets
Border Price Code	Specifies the hardscape border price code
Tag
Tag Display	Select whether to display the hardscape tag to the right or left of the leader line, without a leader line (floating), or not at all
Tag Style	Select the ID tag display style. • Select Name Only to display the name of the hardscape object only (as defined in the Name field) • Select Name-Area(s) to display the hardscape object name, area and, if applicable, the area of the border • Select Name-Area(s)-Perim to display the hardscape object name, perimeter length and, if applicable, the area of the border.
Tag Class	Select a class for the hardscape tags, to control the tag appearance (line and marker style) and visibility. The classes present in the drawing are listed; alternatively, create a new class by clicking New, or select the class named <Hardscape Class> which places the tag in the same class as the hardscape object.
Tag Approach Angle	Specifies the angle of the leader line, from 0 to 360°
Tag Shoulder Angle	When a tag shoulder line is enabled, sets the angle of the shoulder line, from 0 to 360°
Tag Text Alignment	Select whether the tag text is aligned on top of a continuation of the leader line, or centered vertically at the end of the leader line
Snap Tag to Hardscape Edge	Select this option to automatically align the endpoint of the tag with the edge or corner of the hardscape that is nearest to the shoulder point of the tag
Display Tag Line Marker	Displays a marker at the end of the leader line; specify the marker style by editing the hardscape tag class (see “Setting Class Properties” on page 174)
Draw 3D
3D Type	The hardscape object can act as a 3D slab object or as a pad or texture bed site modifier for a site model. Select the type of 3D modifier to create. Select Slab or Pad Modifier if the paving area is flat. Select Texture Bed Modifier if the paving area covers an area of the site with topographical changes. For more information, see “Site Model Modification Overview” on page 703. Select None to not display the hardscape object in 3D views.
3D Thickness	For a slab or pad, enter the thickness parameter
Information
Main Area	Displays the size of the main area
Border Area	Displays the size of the border area
Footprint Area	Displays the area of the entire footprint of the hardscape
Main Perimeter	Displays the perimeter measurement of the main area polyline
Border Perimeter	Displays the perimeter of the border only
Footprint Perimeter	Displays the perimeter measurement of the entire footprint polyline
Vertex parameters	Edits the vertices of the path object that the hardscape is based upon; see “Editando Objetos Baseados em Vértices” on page 1000
Render Tab
Texture	If a 3D Type was selected in the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box, the Texture drop-down list is enabled for the main area texture (border textures must be set in the Hardscape Object Settings dialog box)

To set individual border segments to invisible for boundary hardscapes or cut-out holes, select the hardscape object, and then click the Reshape tool. Select Hide or Show Edges mode. Click the midpoint of the hardscape border segments or the cut-out hole to hide. Repeat this process to set the border segments back to visible, if necessary.

To quickly determine the left and right side of a pathway hardscape object, select the hardscape object and click the middle button next to the Vertex field on the Shape tab of the Object Info palette; while the button is clicked, the first vertex of the hardscape object is highlighted with a red box.

When classing the subcomponents of the hardscape object, such as for the joints or tags, the class visibility of the specified class controls the visibility of the corresponding subcomponent. The class attributes are only applied to the corresponding subcomponent when the Use at Creation option is selected for the class. For example, if the Joint Class is set to the Hardscape - Component - Main Joint class, and that class specifies a hatch Fill Style, edit the class and select the Use at Creation option to apply the fill attribute. See “Setting Class Attributes” on page 176.

Reshaping the Hardscape Object

Double-click the hardscape object to activate the Reshape tool, or select the Reshape tool from the Basic palette. Select the object handles to reshape the hardscape object. For more information, see “Remodelando Objetos” on page 1041.

Converting the Hardscape Object to a Boundary or Pathway Configuration

After creation, a boundary hardscape object can be converted to a pathway hardscape object, and similarly, a pathway configuration can be converted to a boundary configuration. The conversion preserves the appearance, but the path of the object changes.

2. Right-click (Windows) or Ctrl-click (Mac) on the hardscape object and select Convert to Pathway from the context menu.

2. Right-click (Windows) or Ctrl-click (Mac) on the hardscape object and select Convert to Boundary from the context menu.

Alternatively, click Hardscape Settings from the Object Info palette of a selected hardscape object, and select the configuration.

Hardscape Tag Appearance

• When hardscape tags are required, their default appearance is normally specified in the hardscape object settings.

• Individual hardscape tags can then be changed for selected hardscape objects by adjusting the hardscape tag parameters in the Object Info palette.

• The hardscape tag class controls the appearance of the leader/shoulder lines, as well as the marker style.

• If an individual tag needs to be repositioned, hardscape tags also have two control points for adjusting the shoulder length, tag shoulder angle, and tag location; or the shoulder location, leader line length, and tag approach angle.

Saving the Hardscape Object Settings

Once the hardscape object is set to the desired appearance, the settings can be saved for future use or importing into other files, by saving the hardscape object. When you insert a hardscape from the Resource Browser, all its object settings are preset.

The hardscape object is saved in the “Hardscapes” symbol folder in the Resource Browser. Boundary and pathway hardscape objects are assigned unique thumbnail view icons for easy identification. For more information on the Resource Browser, see “Using the Resource Browser” on page 217.

5. To use a saved hardscape object, double-click on it in the Resource Browser. Alternatively, drag the saved hardscape onto an existing hardscape to apply the saved settings.

Editing Hardscape Object Fills

Hardscape object fills can be changed through the Attributes palette. If a joint pattern was specified, the joint pattern is drawn over the fill attribute of the hardscape object. The main joint pattern origin is editable and has a control point marked with a red locus for identification; the border joint pattern uses a green locus.

To change the appearance of a hatch fill, edit the hatch definition as described in “Editando Hachuras” on page 1108. Change the size or angle of a hatch fill by temporarily switching to a Pavers-Running pattern, setting the Pattern Size X, Y and/or Pattern Angle values, and then switching back to the selected hatch.

If the subcomponents of the hardscape object are classed, such as for the joints or tags, the class visibility of the specified class controls the visibility of the corresponding subcomponent. The class attributes are only applied to the corresponding subcomponent when the Use at Creation option is selected for the class. For example, if the Joint Class is set to the Hardscape - Component - Main Joint class, and that class specifies a hatch Fill Style, edit the class and select the Use at Creation option to apply the fill attribute. See “Setting Class Attributes” on page 176.

The angle or origin point of a hardscape fill can be adjusted. Move the control point at the center of the hardscape to control the origin point of the paving pattern (including a hatch) and change the Joint Pattern Angle value to adjust the angle.

To coordinate the joint patterns of several hardscape objects, configure the hardscape objects with the same settings and drag their main pattern origin control points (marked with the red locus) to a common location.

Showing and Hiding Site Modifiers

Site modifiers, such as pads, grade limits, and portions of roads and landscape walls can be made hidden or visible. The modifications to the proposed site model are still visible even when the modifier is hidden.

2. If site modifiers were hidden, they are displayed; if they were visible, they become hidden.

Correcting Site Modifier Errors

If site modifier errors are detected when the site model is updated, an icon displays at the location of each error.

If these errors exist, the site model can still be modified; however, results may not be as expected. It may be better to resolve the errors and update the site model again before proceeding.

When the site model object is selected, the Object Info palette’s Error Count field displays the number of errors, and an icon displays at the location of each error. Hold the cursor over an icon to display a SmartCursor cue that describes the error. Resolve the errors by making adjustments to prevent all intersecting modifiers.

To hide the icons from view (but not resolve the underlying errors), deselect Show Errors on the site model’s Object Info palette.

Drawing Property Lines

Use the Property Line tool to draw property lines. Alternatively, use one of the following methods.

• Draw arcs and lines, select Modify > Compose to create a single polyline, and then select the Create Objects from Shapes command.

Property Line Tool

The Property Line tool interactively creates property boundaries from surveyor’s descriptions. The resulting polyline is composed of line and/or arc segments. The closing error can be automatically drawn and measured. Each segment can be individually labeled with distance and bearing; a curve data worksheet displays curve data.

A red bull’s-eye is placed on the drawing to mark the starting point; the Define Property Line dialog box opens.

3. Specify the segment parameters and click Add to update the drawing file; the bull’s-eye cursor moves to the end of the segment. Continue to add or remove segments as needed.

Parameter	Description
Line	Specify whether the current segment is a line
Bearing	Enter the azimuth or bearing of the line segment; if entering a bearing, a variety of formats are supported. Use spaces (N 10 30 0 E), degrees—d for degrees, m for minutes, and s for seconds (N10d0m0s E), or decimal degrees (N 10.5d 0m 0s E).
Distance	Enter the distance of the line segment
Curve	Specify whether the current segment is a curve
Start Tangent to Previous	Forces the back tangent to be collinear with the previous segment
Back Tangent	Enter the azimuth of the back tangent of this curve; a variety of formats are supported. Use spaces (10 30 0), degrees—d for degrees, m for minutes, and s for seconds (10d0m0s), or decimal degrees (10.5d 0m 0s).
Radius	Enter the radius of the curve segment
Arc Dist	Select to use the distance along the arc
Chord Dist	Select to use the distance between the point of tangency and the point of curvature
Tangent Dist	Select to use the distance from the end point of the last segment to the point of the intersection of the curve
Delta Angle	Select to use the central angle of the curve as measured from the center of the arc
Chord Bear.	Select to use the bearing of the arc chord
Forward Tangent	Displays the forward tangent value
Counter-Clockwise	Select to draw the curve Counter-Clockwise
Remove	Click to remove the selected segment from the property line
Update	Click to update the parameters for the current segment
Add	Click to add a segment to the property line
< Previous / Next >	Click to move backward and forward through the segments
Automatically create closing segment	Select to automatically create the final segment between the last point and the first

If this is the first time the Property Line tool has been used, the Object Preferences dialog box opens. Accept the defaults and click OK.

To create property lines by drawing a path object, rather than specifying parameters in a dialog box, add the Property Line object to the workspace through the Workspace Editor; see “Modifying Tool Palettes and Tool Sets” on page 1832. Once added to the workspace, click the Property Line object and draw the path object(s) as desired.

Editing Property Lines

Edit property lines by using the Reshape tool, or by clicking the Edit with Dialog button in the Object Info palette. Additional parameters can also be modified in the Object Info palette. See “Remodelando Objetos” on page 1041 for information on using the Reshape tool for editing.

Parameter	Description
Rotation	Specifies the number of degrees to rotate the object (0.00 is horizontal)
Text Style	Select a text style from the list of those available. To use the style associated with the class, select <Class Text Style>. To format the text using options on the Text menu, select <Un-Styled>. See “Using Text Styles” on page 389 and “Formatting Text” on page 385.
Name	Enter a property line name
Number	Enter a property line number
Area	Displays the area of the property line
Perimeter	Displays the length of the property line perimeter
Show Name	Select to display the property line name
Show Number	Select to display the property line number
Show Area	Select to display the area of the property line, along with a leader line
Area Units	If using Imperial drawing units, select Acres or Square Feet; if using metric drawing units, select Hectares or Square Meters
Decimals	Indicates the number of decimal places to display for the property line area
Text Rotation	Specifies the text rotation degrees
Fill Behind Text	Select to display a fill behind text
Annotate Segments	Select to annotate each segment of the property line
Annotation Style	When Annotate Segments is selected, indicate the annotation information to display
Angle Format	Select whether the annotations display in Azimuth or Bearing angle format
Show as Texture Bed on Site Model	Select to display the property line as a texture bed on the site model (see “Creating a Texture Bed” on page 713)
Texture Bed Class	If Show as Texture Bed was selected, specify the texture bed class
Edit with Dialog	Click to display the Define Property Line dialog box for editing the property line; see “Drawing Property Lines” on page 753 for information on parameters
Vertex parameters	Edits the property line path vertices; see “Editando Objetos Baseados em Vértices” on page 1000

3. If the property line was designated to be a texture bed on the site model, select Tools > Organization. On the Classes tab, select the class designated as the texture bed class, and assign it a distinctive fill color, or, if the Renderworks product is installed, a texture. Select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette; the property line displays as a texture bed on the site model. Switch to a 3D view and render for the full effect.

4. When Annotate Segments is selected and curve data exists, a curve data worksheet is automatically created, showing curve data in worksheet form. Select Window > Worksheets to display the worksheet, or view it from the Resource Browser.

Analyzing the Site Model

Reporting Site Model Volume

The individual cut and fill calculations for a site model can be listed in a report for verification.

1. Select the site model to analyze. Only one site model can be analyzed at a time.

The Create Site Model Volume List dialog box opens. On the Columns tab, select the columns of site model data to include in the report.

Parameter	Description
Available Columns	Lists the columns that can be selected for inclusion in the report
Selected Columns	Lists the columns to be included in the report; to change the list order, use the cursor to drag and drop the items to move in the # column.
Add >	Adds one or more selected item(s) from the available list to the end of the Selected Columns list
Add All >>	Adds all available columns to the end of the Selected Columns list
< Remove	Removes one or more selected item(s) from the Selected Columns list
<< Remove All	Removes all column items from the Selected Columns list
Column Parameters
Triangle Index	Creates a numeric index for each triangle that makes up the site model Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
Existing Surface Area	Lists the surface area of each triangle in the existing site model
Proposed Surface Area	Lists the surface area of each triangle in the proposed site model
Projected Area	Lists the projected area of the common (existing and proposed) site model triangles
Existing Volume	Lists the volume of each triangle (extruded to the existing site model’s Minimum Elevation plus its Datum Elevation)
Proposed Volume	Lists the volume of each triangle (extruded to the proposed site model’s Minimum Elevation plus its Datum Elevation)
Cut Volume	Compares the existing and proposed volume for each triangle in the site model, and displays the extra volume present in the proposed model
Fill Volume	Compares the existing and proposed volume for each triangle in the site model, and displays the volume removed from the proposed model
Net Cut & Fill Volume	Lists the fill volume minus the cut volume for each triangle in the site model
Total Cut & Fill Volume	Lists the fill volume plus the cut volume for each triangle in the site model

3. On the Grade Limits Modifiers tab, select the grade limits site modifiers to include in the report calculations.

Parameter	Description
Available Grade Limits Modifiers	Lists the grade limit-type site modifiers in the drawing; grade limits modifiers are identified by an assigned number
Selected Grade Limits Modifiers	Lists the site modifiers to be included in the report calculations
Add >	Adds one or more selected item(s) from the available list to the end of the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
Add All >>	Adds all available modifiers to the end of the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
< Remove	Removes one or more selected item(s) from the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
<< Remove All	Removes all items from the Selected Grade Limits Modifiers list
Show Modifier	When a numbered grade limits modifier is highlighted, selects the associated site modifier in the drawing, and zooms in so the site modifier is easily identifiable
Modifier Parameters
Outside Grade Limits	Includes all areas of the site model surface without any modifiers
Grade Limits Modifier __	Each grade limits site modifier in the drawing is identified with a number. If you have provided a name for the site modifier on the Data tab of the Object Info palette, the name displays in parentheses

Parameter	Description
Show Data for Unmodified Site Model Surface	When selected, the report includes the entire surface of the site model. Deselect this option to exclude the unchanged surface between the existing and proposed site models from the report.
Create Text File	Creates a tab-delimited text file of the report, which can easily be imported into a spreadsheet program for further manipulation. Specify the name of the text file and the location to save it in.
Create Triangle Group	Creates a group containing subgroups of polygons and volumetric data text for each triangle that makes up the site model triangulated network. For complex site models, a significant amount of information is displayed; adjust text size of the entire selected group with Text > Size.
Create Worksheet	Adds a Volume List worksheet containing the volume data to the current file

Zone of Visual Influence Analysis

This type of analysis creates a representation of shadowed and lighted areas as seen from a specified point of view.

Parameter	Description
Select Site Model	Select the site model to analyze
View height above Site Model	Represents the view point elevation for the study. For example, 60 inches (152.4 cm) is often used as a standard eye level when standing.

A light source is automatically inserted, and the layer is rendered to complete the analysis. Dark regions indicate areas that cannot be seen from the specified observation point at that viewing level.

Obtaining Site Model Data

Site Model Section

Use the Site Model Section command to create a profile or sectional views of the site.

1. Draw or select a 2D polygon or polyline to define the section alignment. In the Vectorworks Landmark product, if you are selecting a previously drawn polyline with station points (such as a road or Roadway (NURBS) object), a station point profile can be created.

The polygon or polyline vertices must be contained within the limits of the site model.

2. With the polygon or polyline selected, select the Site Model Section command from the appropriate menu:

The Create Site Model Section dialog box opens. Specify the site model section parameters.

Parameter	Description
Create section on layer	Specify the layer where the section will be placed
Draw Background Grid	Select to draw a background grid, and click the color box to specify the grid color
Draw Existing Site Profile	Select to draw a profile for the existing site model, and click the color box to specify the profile color
Draw Proposed Site Profile	Select to draw a profile for the proposed site model, and click the color box to specify the profile color
Draw Selected Station Profile (Vectorworks Landmark required)	Select to draw a profile of the station points, and click the color box to specify the profile color; this option is available only if a polyline associated with station points (such as a road) is selected
Station Points
Draw points at polygon vertices	If the selected polygon does not contain stake objects, select to create station points at the polygon vertices; this option is available only if a station polyline is selected
Draw points at interval	If the selected polygon does not contain stake objects, select to create station points at the specified interval
Draw points at existing stakes (Vectorworks Landmark required)	When stakes exist along the profile polygon, station points are automatically created for the stakes; this option is available only if a polyline with station points (such as a road) is selected
Formatting	Click to specify the section graphic formatting

The Site Model Section Formatting dialog box opens. Specify the formatting for the site model section graphic.

Parameter	Description
Display Scale Factor	Specifies the site model scale factor; the layer scale factor is entered by default
Vertical Magnification Factor	Sets an independent scale factor for the Y axis of the graphic
Vertical Margin	Specifies the distance, in page units, between the highest and lowest points in the graph and the graph margins
Horizontal Margin	Specifies the distance, in page units, between the graph start and end and the graph margins
Draw Legend Text	Indicates whether to create a legend for the graph; legend text is color coded to match the section profiles
Legend point size	Specifies the size, in points, of the legend text
Draw Elevations	Indicates whether to display the elevation of the profiles along the station points
Elevation point size	Specifies the size, in points, of the elevation text
Station Point Labels (Vectorworks Landmark required)	Sets the type of label, if any, to apply to the station points on the background grid
Profile Line Weight	Specifies the thickness of the profile lines
Station Line Weight	Specifies the thickness of the station lines

5. Click OK to create the sectional view of the site. If the site model changes, the site model section needs to be recreated.

Calculating Grade

Networks of grade objects can be created to show slope characteristics across a surface. Grade objects can be used in conjunction with a site model, and can modify the site model. In addition, 3D loci can be generated from grade object elevations, and used as the basis of creating a site model.

Mode	Description
Insert	Draws a grade object based on set elevation parameters or a site model
Edit Elevation	Changes the elevation value of one or more existing grade objects
Update	Updates all grade objects in the drawing, applying current preference settings and updating any overlapped elevation points
Preferences	Sets the default global preferences for the grade object

Specifying Global Grade Object Preferences

The grade indicator appearance for all grade objects in the file can be specified globally.

2. Click Preferences from the Tool bar. Alternatively, select an existing grade object; click Settings from the Object Info palette, double-click the grade object, or right-click (Windows) or Ctrl-click (Mac) on a grade object and select Edit from the context menu.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Global Settings tab and enter the desired settings.

Parameter	Description
Display Settings (global)
Arrow Line Length	Specifies the length of the grade directional arrow, in page units
Arrow Offset	Sets the distance of the grade directional arrow from the grade line, in page units
Grade Def.	Select the type of display for the slope (percent, permille, run/rise ratio, rise/run ratio, or angle)
Precision	Sets the displayed precision for the slope value
Directional Indicator Attributes (global)
Pen/Style	Select the pen style and line thickness for the grade directional arrow. Alternatively, select Class style in the Pen list. The pen, color, style, and marker are then determined by the class attributes of the grade object.
Color	Click the color box to select the grade directional arrow color
End Marker	Specifies the marker type for the end of the grade directional arrow
Opacity	Sets the opacity of the grade directional arrow; drag the slider to the left to decrease opacity, or enter an opacity percentage
Use Class Opacity	The opacity of the arrow can be set by the class of the grade object
Reshape Setting (global)
Preserve Grade if one point is not connected	Preserves the grade of a reshaped grade object, and recalculates the elevation. This preference works only if at least one end point of the reshaped grade object is not connected to another grade object; the elevation of the unconnected end point is changed. If both end points of the reshaped grade object are connected to other grade objects, the grade is changed and the elevations are preserved to maintain continuity with the connected grade objects.
Analyze Grade Objects	Uses grade objects to analyze the slope or elevation

4. Click Update from the Tool bar to update all grade objects in the drawing with the global settings.

Inserting Grade Objects

1. Click the Grade tool from the Site Planning tool set, and select Insert mode from the Tool bar.

2. Click to set the start of the grade. Move the mouse and click again to set the end point.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Object Properties tab and enter the desired settings.

Parameter	Description
General	Given two parameters, the grade parameters are calculated for the remaining parameters. Enter the two known parameters to calculate and display the other grade parameters. The initial elevation of the first and/or second points of the grade object is determined by these methods: • If an existing grade object is under one of the points, the elevation of the existing grade object is used • If a stake object is under one of the points, its elevation is used • If a site model is under one of the points, the calculated elevation of the point is used • If none of the above occurs, the elevation of the last created grade object is used
Parameter 1	Select the first known parameter (Elevation 1, Elevation 2, Downward Grade in %, Upward Grade in %, Downward Ratio (rise/run), Upward Ratio (rise/run), or elevation change) and enter the value(s) associated with the parameter
Parameter 2	Select the second known parameter (available choices depend on the first parameter selected), and enter the value associated with the parameter
Parameter Display	The remaining parameters are calculated and displayed, including the grade length
Graphics	Sets the graphic appearance of the grade object. The appearance of the indicator, grade definition, and precision is set in the global settings (see “Specifying Global Grade Object Preferences” on page 762). Once created, each graphic element of the grade object has its own control point. Move a control point to adjust the position of the text and indicator.
Elevation marker symbol	Select the symbol to use to indicate the elevation marker at each end of the grade object; grade symbols are also provided as default content (default content is automatically imported into the current file at the point of use and displays in the Resource Browser; see “Resource Libraries” on page 215)
Scale	Scales the elevation marker with respect to the layer scale by the specified scale factor; a Factor of less than one decreases the size of the marker while a Factor of more than one increases its size
Show Slope Value	Displays the grade value If the value does not display, increase the text size by selecting Text > Size.
Show Projected Length/Surface Length Value	Displays the projected grade length/surface length and the slope arrow; the slope arrow always indicates the downward slope direction. Enter a prefix for the value, if desired. The projected length is the distance between the points as measured along a horizontal projection; the surface length is the distance between the points as measured along the surface, which facilitates a more accurate calculation for purchasing materials. If both Show Projected Length Value and Show Surface Length Value are selected, both values are displayed along the grade object, with a slash (/) in between them (prefix + projected length/prefix + surface length)
Show Elevation Value	Displays the elevation value at each end of the grade object
Draw Line	Draws a slope line to represent the distance between the two elevation points
Site Model
Grade Object Mode
Use Grade Object Heights	Uses the elevation values specified in the General parameters
Use Heights from Site Model	When the grade is drawn over a site model, the elevation of the first and second points is derived from either the existing or proposed site model. The values in the General parameters do not apply. The grade object updates with the site model.
Change Site Model (Use Grade as Pad Modifier)	Uses the grade object as a site modifier object; the elevation values specified in the General parameters are applied to either the existing or proposed site model. Update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).
Apply To
Existing/Proposed Site Model	Selects the site model to provide elevation values when Use Heights from Site Model is selected, or the site model to be modified when Change Site Model is selected

Grade objects can be edited from the Object Info palette. Commonly-required parameters can be accessed directly from the Object Info palette, or click Settings to change any of the parameters of selected grade objects. Alternatively, edit the settings of a grade object by double-clicking on it, or right-click (Windows) or Ctrl-click (Mac) on a grade object and select Edit from the context menu.

Grade objects can be used together, using an existing grade object as a reference for another grade object. Either move the endpoint of one grade object onto the line of another grade object, or create a new grade object with an end point on an existing grade object. The existing grade object is split at the new endpoint, creating a network of overlapping grade objects. The elevation of the shared point is interpolated from the slope of the existing object; if an elevation point is updated, all overlapping grade objects automatically update. Click Update mode from the Tool bar of the Grade tool to force an update of all overlapping grade objects.

Editing Elevation

If the elevation changes after one or more grade objects have been placed, there is no need to replace the existing grade object(s). Change the elevation of one end of a grade object, or offset the elevation of selected (or all) grade objects in the drawing.

Elevation marker symbols must be at a valid scale to edit elevations. If the Edit Elevation dialog box does not open, increase the marker scale factor for the grade object.

1. Click the Grade tool from the Site Planning tool set, and select Edit Elevation mode from the Tool bar.

Parameter	Description
Elevation at Selected End Marker	Changes the elevation for the selected end of the grade object
Offset Selected Grade Objects	Adjusts the elevation of all selected grade objects by the specified amount
Offset All Grade Objects	Adjusts the elevation of all grade objects in the file by the specified amount

Analyzing Grade

Grade objects can be used to analyze the slope objects in a drawing and identify critical slopes. Grade objects that are outside specified slope or elevation ranges are highlighted or selected.

2. Click Preferences from the Tool bar. Alternatively, click Settings from the Object Info palette of a selected grade object.

The Grade Settings dialog box opens. Click the Global Settings tab and specify the grade analysis parameters.

Parameter	Description
Analyze Grade Objects
Mark Objects	Select the action to take when critical grade objects are identified
Highlight Critical Objects	Click the color box to select the highlight color for grade objects that meet the criteria
Select Critical Objects	Selects all grade objects that meet the criteria
Criteria	Specifies the criteria for critical grade objects
Grade out of range (%)	Sets a range of acceptable slope values; grades outside of the range are considered to be critical
Elevations out of range	Sets a range of acceptable elevation values; elevations outside of the range are considered to be critical
Show intersections	Specifies that any intersecting grade objects should be considered critical

3. Click OK. Grade objects that do not meet the criteria are considered critical, and are highlighted and/or selected, as specified.

Creating Loci from a Grade Object

One or more grade object(s) can be used to place 3D loci on the current layer. The 3D loci can then be used to create stake objects or a site model.

A 3D locus is placed at the ends of each selected grade object. The Z-value of the loci match the associated elevation of the grade start or end point.

Inserting Stake Objects

Stake objects represent a 3D point in space, with text to display the elevation, coordinate points, or other information. Using a stake object, the elevation information for a point on the site model can be determined and labeled. A stake object can be used as a site modifier. If the design layer is georeferenced, a stake object can be used as a geographic marker.

Mode	Description
Standard Insertion	Inserts a single stake object
Offset Insertion	Inserts a stake at each vertex of the drawn polygon shape
Preferences	Sets the default preferences for the stake object
Elevation	Sets the default elevation value for stake objects

1. Click the Stake tool from the Site Planning tool set, and select the mode from the Tool bar.

2. Click on the site model to place the stake object, or draw a temporary polygon to place a series of stake objects at each click point and double-click to end the series.

If this is the first time the Stake tool has been used, the Object Properties dialog box opens. Accept the defaults and click OK.

To automatically increment the ID parameter when placing new stake objects, select Auto ID Numbering and specify an Initial ID Number. Otherwise, leave Auto ID Numbering unselected and specify the default ID Number for stake objects.

3. The stake objects are added to the drawing at the elevation specified in the Tool bar.

4. If the stake objects are site modifiers, update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette.).

Parameter	Description
Z-value	Specifies the stake elevation. To create road stakes with the Vectorworks Landmark product, set the elevation of the first stake along the polyline; the elevation of the remaining stakes is automatically calculated (as described in “Setting Stake Elevations” on page 728).
Rotation	Rotates the stake object indicator and the label (if applicable) around the stake object indicator’s center
Mode
Include as site model data	Uses the stake as site model data if it is located in the source data layer (select when using stakes to create a site model)
Set elev to site model	Sets the stake elevation to the existing site model elevation
Use as 2D graphic only	Treats the stake like a text box and does not include 3D information such as elevation
Site modifier object	Treats the stake object as a site modifier, which has an effect on the site model
Site Model	When the stake object is used as a site modifier, specifies whether it affects the existing or proposed site model
Style	Selects the graphic style of the stake object indicator
Mark Offset X	Offsets the stake object indicator from the insertion point along the X axis
Mark Offset Y	Offsets the stake object indicator from the insertion point along the Y axis
Mark Rotation	Rotates the stake object indicator around its center
Label Reference	Selects the type of information to display in the label; select No Label to display no text. The available label fields depend on the label reference selected.
Label Position	Specifies the alignment of the label, and which side to place the leader line (when displayed): • Auto: Automatically determines whether to place the text on the left or right, depending on the position of the label related to the stake’s location • Right: Places the text to the right of the label control point and left-justifies the text • Left: Places the text to the left of the label control point and right-justifies the text • Center: Centers the text on the label control point
Description	For description type labels, enter description text
ID Prefix	For ID type labels, enter a prefix to display before the ID number
ID Suffix	For ID type labels, enter a suffix to display after the ID number
Auto ID Numbering	Select to automatically increment the ID number parameter when inserting new stake objects
(Initial) ID Number	For ID type labels, specify the ID number. When Auto ID Numbering is selected, the ID Number field changes to Initial ID Number, and ID numbers will be automatically incremented beginning with the initial number specified. When Auto ID Numbering is not selected, specify the default ID Number for stake objects.
Station Point Data	For Stationing Data labels, indicates the station point data for the selected stake object
Coordinate Point	Coordinate point type labels can show the stake’s distance from a point of origin (user origin), or they can show the stake’s geographic position (latitude and longitude) if the design layer is georeferenced (see “GIS and Georeferencing” on page 773). • To display distance, specify Document Units, Feet, or Meters as the Coordinate Units. The Coordinate Point (NE - Northing-Easting) and Coordinate Point (EN - Easting-Northing) options display the distance prefixed with the direction (N, W, S, E). The Coordinate Point (XY) option displays the distance prefixed with the file coordinates (X, Y). • To display longitude and latitude, specify Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds as the Coordinate Units. If the stake object or user origin moves, the coordinates automatically update to reflect the change.
Coordinate Units	For coordinate point type labels, specifies the units to use for the coordinates. • Select Document Units, Feet, or Meters to show the stake’s position relative to the user origin of this drawing. • If the design layer is georeferenced, select Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to show the stake’s geographic position.
Coordinate Prec	When coordinate point type labels are set for units of Feet, Meters, Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds, specifies the precision with which the measurements will be labeled
Show Elevation	For coordinate point type labels, select to display the elevation below the other coordinates
Elevation Units	Specifies the units to use for the elevation. • Select Document Units, Feet, or Meters to show the stake’s position relative to the user origin of this drawing. • If the design layer is georeferenced, select Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to show the stake’s geographic position.
Elevation Prec	For coordinate point type labels where the elevation value was selected to display, and the specified elevation units are Feet, Meters, Decimal Degrees or Degrees/Minutes/Seconds, specifies the precision with which the measurements will be labeled
Show Unit Mark	Select to display the unit mark along with the unit value If Document Units are set for Coordinate Units, the unit mark visibility is determined by the document setting.
Display Leader Line	Adds a leader line from the label to the stake object (adjust the leader line position by moving the leader line control point)
Scale Factor	Determines the size of the stake object indicator

Converting 3D Loci to Stake Objects

3D loci can be converted to stake objects, which can then be used to modify a site model. This is useful when survey data, in the form of 3D loci, need to modify an existing or proposed site model.

The Convert to Stake Object dialog box opens. Set the properties for new stakes.

Parameter	Description
Mode	Select the type of stake object(s) to create: • Include as site model data: Uses the stake as site model data if it is located in the source data layer (select when using stakes to create a site model) • Set elev to site model: Sets the stake elevation to the existing site model elevation • Use as 2D graphics only: Treats the stake like a text box and does not include 3D information such as elevation • Site modifier object: Treats the stake object as a site modifier, which has an effect on the selected site model
Site Model	Select the site model which the stakes affect
Style	Selects the graphic style of the stake object
Label Reference	Selects the type of information to display in the label; select No Label to display no text. The available label fields depend on the label reference selected.
ID Prefix	For ID type labels, enter a prefix to display with the ID
Auto ID Numbering	Select to automatically increment the ID number parameter when inserting new stake objects
(Initial) ID Number	For ID type labels, specify the ID number. When Auto ID Numbering is selected, the ID Number field changes to Initial ID Number, and ID numbers will be automatically incremented beginning with the initial number specified. When Auto ID Numbering is not selected, specify the default ID Number for stake objects
Description	For description type labels, enter description text
Station Point Data	For Stationing Data labels, indicates the station point data for the selected stake object
Coordinate Units	Coordinate point type labels show the stake’s distance from a point of origin (user origin). This field specifies the units (document units, feet, or meters) to use for the coordinates.
Display Leader Line	Adds a leader line from the label to the stake object (adjust the leader line position by moving the leader line control point)
Scale Factor	Determines the size of the label display
Delete Source Loci	Deletes the original loci that were converted

If the stake objects are site modifiers, update the site model to apply the changes (select the site model and click Update from the Object Info palette).

Creating Landscape Walls